महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-197, verse-32

यो वदेदिह सत्यानि गुरुं संतोषयेत च ।
हिंसितश्च न हिंसेत तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥३२॥

32. yo vadediha satyāni guruṁ saṁtoṣayeta ca ,
hiṁsitaśca na hiṁseta taṁ devā brāhmaṇaṁ viduḥ.

32. yaḥ vadet iha satyāni gurum santoṣayeta ca
hiṃsitaḥ ca na hiṃseta tam devā brāhmaṇam viduḥ

32. He who speaks what is true in this world, and pleases his preceptor (guru), and who, even when harmed, does not inflict harm, him the gods recognize as a Brahmin.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, may speak

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• सत्यानि (satyāni) - what is true (truths, true things)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - preceptor, teacher

• सन्तोषयेत (santoṣayeta) - should please, should satisfy

• च (ca) - and

• हिंसितः (hiṁsitaḥ) - though harmed (by others) (harmed, injured)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• हिंसेत (hiṁseta) - should harm, should injure

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• देवा (devā) - the gods

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - one who is truly a Brahmin (by conduct, not just birth) (a Brahmin)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, may speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vad

optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root vad, 1st class, optative active.

Root: vad (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

सत्यानि (satyāni) - what is true (truths, true things)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of satya

satya - truth, true, real, honest

From sat (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

गुरुम् (gurum) - preceptor, teacher

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, weighty, heavy, important

सन्तोषयेत (santoṣayeta) - should please, should satisfy

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of santoṣay

optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular (causative stem)

Causative of the root tuṣ (to be pleased), with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हिंसितः (hiṁsitaḥ) - though harmed (by others) (harmed, injured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiṃsita

hiṁsita - injured, harmed, killed

Past Passive Participle

From the root hiṃs (to injure, to harm).

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Used substantively as 'one who is harmed'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हिंसेत (hiṁseta) - should harm, should injure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hiṃs

optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root hiṃs, 7th class, optative active.

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

देवा (devā) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - one who is truly a Brahmin (by conduct, not just birth) (a Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to a Brahmin, relating to Brahman (brahman)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

Root vid (to know), 2nd class, present active. Also attested as perfect 3rd plural.

Root: vid (class 2)