महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-106, verse-38

गङ्गावतरणे यत्नं सुमहच्चाकरोन्नृपः ।
न चावतारयामास चेष्टमानो यथाबलम् ॥३८॥

38. gaṅgāvataraṇe yatnaṁ sumahaccākaronnṛpaḥ ,
na cāvatārayāmāsa ceṣṭamāno yathābalam.

38. gaṅgā avataraṇe yatnam sumahat ca akarot nṛpaḥ
na ca avatārayāmāsa ceṣṭamānaḥ yathābalam

38. The king made a very great effort for the descent of Ganga, but even though he strove with all his might, he was unable to bring her down.

Words meanings summery:

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Ganga (Ganga (the sacred river))

• अवतरणे (avataraṇe) - for the descent (in the descent, for the descent)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, very large)

• च (ca) - and

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (he made, he did)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - but (and)

• अवतारयामास (avatārayāmāsa) - he was able to bring her down (he caused to descend, he brought down)

• चेष्टमानः (ceṣṭamānaḥ) - even though he strove (striving, making effort)

• यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - with all his might (according to strength, with all might)

Words meanings and morphology

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Ganga (Ganga (the sacred river))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - The river Ganges

Note: First part of a tatpurusha compound 'gaṅgāvataraṇa'

अवतरणे (avataraṇe) - for the descent (in the descent, for the descent)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of avataraṇa

avataraṇa - descent, coming down

From ava-tṛ

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The whole compound gaṅgāvataraṇa is in locative.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

From root yat

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of akarot

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, very large)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound of su (good, well, very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
  Present active participle of mah
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yatnam

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Active, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from pā to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver (from root pā)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of akarot

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates avatārayāmāsa

च (ca) - but (and)

(indeclinable)

अवतारयामास (avatārayāmāsa) - he was able to bring her down (he caused to descend, he brought down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of avatṛ

Periphrastic Perfect Active, 3rd person singular (from causal stem avatārayati)

Formed with āmāsa from the causal form

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

चेष्टमानः (ceṣṭamānaḥ) - even though he strove (striving, making effort)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ceṣṭamāna

ceṣṭamāna - striving, making effort, attempting

Present Middle Participle

From root ceṣṭ (to move, to strive)

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - with all his might (according to strength, with all might)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+bala)

• yathā – as, according to, in what manner
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use