महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-106, verse-38

गङ्गावतरणे यत्नं सुमहच्चाकरोन्नृपः ।
न चावतारयामास चेष्टमानो यथाबलम् ॥३८॥

38. gaṅgāvataraṇe yatnaṁ sumahaccākaronnṛpaḥ ,
na cāvatārayāmāsa ceṣṭamāno yathābalam.

38. gaṅgā avataraṇe yatnam sumahat ca akarot nṛpaḥ
na ca avatārayāmāsa ceṣṭamānaḥ yathābalam

38. The king made a very great effort for the descent of Ganga, but even though he strove with all his might, he was unable to bring her down.

38. המלך השקיע מאמץ גדול בהורדת הגַנְגָה, אך לא הצליח להורידה, אף שעשה כמיטב יכולתו.

Words meanings summery:

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Ganga (Ganga (the sacred river))

• अवतरणे (avataraṇe) - for the descent (in the descent, for the descent)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, very large)

• च (ca) - and

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (he made, he did)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - but (and)

• अवतारयामास (avatārayāmāsa) - he was able to bring her down (he caused to descend, he brought down)

• चेष्टमानः (ceṣṭamānaḥ) - even though he strove (striving, making effort)

• यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - with all his might (according to strength, with all might)

Words meanings and morphology

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the sacred river Ganga (Ganga (the sacred river))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - The river Ganges

Note: First part of a tatpurusha compound 'gaṅgāvataraṇa'

अवतरणे (avataraṇe) - for the descent (in the descent, for the descent)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of avataraṇa

avataraṇa - descent, coming down

From ava-tṛ

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The whole compound gaṅgāvataraṇa is in locative.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

From root yat

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of akarot

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, very large)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound of su (good, well, very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
  Present active participle of mah
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yatnam

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अकरोत् (akarot) - he made (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Active, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from pā to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver (from root pā)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of akarot

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates avatārayāmāsa

च (ca) - but (and)

(indeclinable)

अवतारयामास (avatārayāmāsa) - he was able to bring her down (he caused to descend, he brought down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of avatṛ

Periphrastic Perfect Active, 3rd person singular (from causal stem avatārayati)

Formed with āmāsa from the causal form

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

चेष्टमानः (ceṣṭamānaḥ) - even though he strove (striving, making effort)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ceṣṭamāna

ceṣṭamāna - striving, making effort, attempting

Present Middle Participle

From root ceṣṭ (to move, to strive)

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

यथाबलम् (yathābalam) - with all his might (according to strength, with all might)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+bala)

• yathā – as, according to, in what manner
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use

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