महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-106, verse-31

यथा दृष्टं श्रुतं चापि सागराणां क्षयं तथा ।
तं चास्मै हयमाचष्ट यज्ञवाटमुपागतम् ॥३१॥

31. yathā dṛṣṭaṁ śrutaṁ cāpi sāgarāṇāṁ kṣayaṁ tathā ,
taṁ cāsmai hayamācaṣṭa yajñavāṭamupāgatam.

31. yathā dṛṣṭaṃ śrutaṃ ca api sāgarāṇāṃ kṣayaṃ tathā
taṃ ca asmai hayaṃ ācaṣṭa yajñavāṭaṃ upāgatam

31. He recounted to Sagara everything that he had seen and heard, including the destruction of Sagara's sons, and also informed him that the horse had returned to the sacrificial enclosure (yajñavāṭa).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• दृष्टं (dṛṣṭaṁ) - seen, observed

• श्रुतं (śrutaṁ) - heard, listened

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• सागराणां (sāgarāṇāṁ) - of the sons of Sagara

• क्षयं (kṣayaṁ) - destruction, perishing, loss

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तं (taṁ) - that (horse) (that)

• च (ca) - and

• अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Sagara) (to him)

• हयं (hayaṁ) - horse

• आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - he recounted, he told

• यज्ञवाटं (yajñavāṭaṁ) - sacrificial enclosure

• उपागतम् (upāgatam) - having arrived, having approached

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

दृष्टं (dṛṣṭaṁ) - seen, observed

(adjective)

neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to what was seen by Aṃśumān.

श्रुतं (śrutaṁ) - heard, listened

(adjective)

neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (scripture)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to what was heard by Aṃśumān.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dṛṣṭaṃ' and 'śrutaṃ'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'and'.

सागराणां (sāgarāṇāṁ) - of the sons of Sagara

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - son of Sagara, relating to Sagara

A patronymic formation from Sagara.

Note: Refers to the 60,000 sons of Sagara who were burnt by Kapila.

क्षयं (kṣayaṁ) - destruction, perishing, loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, end, loss

Derived from root kṣi (to destroy, diminish).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of the implicit reporting action, describing the fate of Sagara's sons.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'yathā', meaning 'as... so...'

तं (taṁ) - that (horse) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the horse (hayaṃ).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the report of destruction with the report of the horse's return.

अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Sagara) (to him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Recipient of the recounting, referring to Sagara.

हयं (hayaṁ) - horse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of the verb 'ācaṣṭa', along with 'upāgatam'.

आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - he recounted, he told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-√cakṣ

Imperfect tense (laṅ)

3rd person singular middle voice, derived from root cakṣ (to speak) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: The subject is Aṃśumān.

यज्ञवाटं (yajñavāṭaṁ) - sacrificial enclosure

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajñavāṭa

yajñavāṭa - sacrificial enclosure (for yajña)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+vāṭa)

• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
• vāṭa – enclosure, garden, precinct
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'upāgatam', indicating destination.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - having arrived, having approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with upasargas upa and ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'hayaṃ'.