महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-3, verse-32

सोदर्येषु विनष्टेषु द्रौपद्यां तत्र भारत ।
श्वरूपधारिणा पुत्र पुनस्त्वं मे परीक्षितः ॥३२॥

32. sodaryeṣu vinaṣṭeṣu draupadyāṁ tatra bhārata ,
śvarūpadhāriṇā putra punastvaṁ me parīkṣitaḥ.

32. sodaryeṣu vinaṣṭeṣu draupadyām tatra bhārata
śvarūpadhāriṇā putra punaḥ tvam me parīkṣitaḥ

32. O Bhārata, when your brothers (sodarya) had perished and Draupadī was present there, O son, you were again tested by me, who appeared in the form of a dog.

Words meanings summery:

• सोदर्येषु (sodaryeṣu) - when your brothers (among brothers, regarding brothers (born from the same womb))

• विनष्टेषु (vinaṣṭeṣu) - destroyed, perished, dead

• द्रौपद्याम् (draupadyām) - when Draupadī was there (in Draupadī, regarding Draupadī)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira! (O descendant of Bharata!)

• श्वरूपधारिणा (śvarūpadhāriṇā) - by me, in the form of a dog (referring to Yama) (by one holding a dog's form)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son!

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मे (me) - by me

• परीक्षितः (parīkṣitaḥ) - tested, examined

Words meanings and morphology

सोदर्येषु (sodaryeṣu) - when your brothers (among brothers, regarding brothers (born from the same womb))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sodarya

sodarya - born from the same womb, full-brother

From sa-udarya (with womb).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+udarya)

• sa – with, together
  indeclinable
• udarya – belonging to the belly/womb
  adjective (masculine)
  From udara (belly, womb).

Note: Used in locative absolute construction 'when brothers'.

विनष्टेषु (vinaṣṭeṣu) - destroyed, perished, dead

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, perished, lost, dead

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- (apart, away) + root √naś (to perish, be lost).

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction 'when they were destroyed'. Agrees with `sodaryeṣu`.

द्रौपद्याम् (draupadyām) - when Draupadī was there (in Draupadī, regarding Draupadī)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadī (wife of the Pāṇḍavas)

Feminine derivative of Drupada.

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhiṣṭhira! (O descendant of Bharata!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior

Derivative of Bharata.

Note: Vocative addressing the King.

श्वरूपधारिणा (śvarūpadhāriṇā) - by me, in the form of a dog (referring to Yama) (by one holding a dog's form)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śvarūpadhārin

śvarūpadhārin - one who holds/assumes the form of a dog

Compound from śvan (dog) + rūpa (form) + dhārin (bearer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+rūpa+dhārin)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, wearing, having
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent of testing.

पुत्र (putra) - O son!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Affectionate address.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of repetition.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of passive verb.

मे (me) - by me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Used here as an instrumental agent 'by me' in a passive construction, or dative of agent.

परीक्षितः (parīkṣitaḥ) - tested, examined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīkṣita

parīkṣita - tested, examined, tried

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pari- (around, completely) + root √īkṣ (to see, examine).

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative with `tvam` (implied `asi`).