महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-3, verse-30

एषा तृतीया जिज्ञासा तव राजन्कृता मया ।
न शक्यसे चालयितुं स्वभावात्पार्थ हेतुभिः ॥३०॥

30. eṣā tṛtīyā jijñāsā tava rājankṛtā mayā ,
na śakyase cālayituṁ svabhāvātpārtha hetubhiḥ.

30. eṣā tṛtīyā jijñāsā tava rājan kṛtā mayā na
śakyase cālayitum svabhāvāt pārtha hetubhiḥ

30. O King, this third inquiry has been put forth by me to you. O Pārtha, you cannot be swayed from your intrinsic nature (svabhāva) by various reasons.

Words meanings summery:

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• तृतीया (tṛtīyā) - third (feminine)

• जिज्ञासा (jijñāsā) - inquiry, desire to know

• तव (tava) - your, to you

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• कृता (kṛtā) - put forth (done, made)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• न (na) - not

• शक्यसे (śakyase) - you can be (you are able)

• चालयितुम् (cālayitum) - to be swayed, to be diverted (to move, to stir, to waver)

• स्वभावात् (svabhāvāt) - from one's own nature, from intrinsic nature

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing the king (who might be Arjuna in context, or simply a noble warrior/king). (O son of Pṛthā! O Arjuna!)

• हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by causes, by reasons, by arguments

Words meanings and morphology

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to `jijñāsā`.

तृतीया (tṛtīyā) - third (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

Note: Agrees with `jijñāsā`.

जिज्ञासा (jijñāsā) - inquiry, desire to know

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jijñāsā

jijñāsā - desire to know, inquiry, investigation

Desiderative noun

From desiderative stem of root √jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

तव (tava) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Implies 'regarding you' or 'directed towards you'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कृता (kṛtā) - put forth (done, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `jijñāsā`.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent in passive construction (`kṛtā`).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

शक्यसे (śakyase) - you can be (you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Middle voice for 'you are enabled/able'. Used with infinitive `cālayitum`.

चालयितुम् (cālayitum) - to be swayed, to be diverted (to move, to stir, to waver)

(verb)

active, infinitive of cālayitum

Infinitive

Causative infinitive of root √cal (to move).

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or potential, governed by `śakyase`.

स्वभावात् (svabhāvāt) - from one's own nature, from intrinsic nature

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own nature, inherent disposition, essential property

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+bhāva)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhāva – being, state, nature, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes separation or origin.

पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing the king (who might be Arjuna in context, or simply a noble warrior/king). (O son of Pṛthā! O Arjuna!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derivative of Pṛthā.

Note: A common epithet for Arjuna, here used generally for a noble king.

हेतुभिः (hetubhiḥ) - by causes, by reasons, by arguments

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, argument

Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Instrumental plural indicating means or reason.