महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-3, verse-12

शुभानामशुभानां च द्वौ राशी पुरुषर्षभ ।
यः पूर्वं सुकृतं भुङ्क्ते पश्चान्निरयमेति सः ।
पूर्वं नरकभाग्यस्तु पश्चात्स्वर्गमुपैति सः ॥१२॥

12. śubhānāmaśubhānāṁ ca dvau rāśī puruṣarṣabha ,
yaḥ pūrvaṁ sukṛtaṁ bhuṅkte paścānnirayameti saḥ ,
pūrvaṁ narakabhāgyastu paścātsvargamupaiti saḥ.

12. śubhānām aśubhānām ca dvau rāśī
puruṣarṣabha | yaḥ pūrvam sukṛtam bhuṅkte
paścāt nirayam eti saḥ | pūrvam
narakabhāgyaḥ tu paścāt svargam upaiti saḥ

12. puruṣarṣabha,
dvau rāśī śubhānām ca aśubhānām (sthaḥ).
yaḥ pūrvam sukṛtam bhuṅkte,
saḥ paścāt nirayam eti.
tu yaḥ pūrvam narakabhāgyaḥ,
saḥ paścāt svargam upaiti.

12. O foremost of men, there are two accumulations: of good deeds and of bad deeds. He who first experiences the fruits of good deeds later goes to hell (niraya). But he who first experiences hell (naraka) afterwards attains heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• शुभानाम् (śubhānām) - of good (things/deeds)

• अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of bad, inauspicious (things/deeds)

• च (ca) - and

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• राशी (rāśī) - two heaps, two masses, two collections

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men, O foremost of men

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, previously

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, meritorious act, virtue

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - experiences, enjoys, consumes

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later, behind

• निरयम् (nirayam) - hell (niraya) (hell, underworld)

• एति (eti) - goes, attains, approaches

• सः (saḥ) - he

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, previously

• नरकभाग्यः (narakabhāgyaḥ) - experiencing hell (naraka) (destined for hell, experiencing hell, sharing hell's fate)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes to, attains

• सः (saḥ) - he

Words meanings and morphology

शुभानाम् (śubhānām) - of good (things/deeds)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Elliptical for 'of good (actions or their results)'.

अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of bad, inauspicious (things/deeds)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, bad, evil

Negative prefix 'a-'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Contrasts with `śubhānām`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects `śubhānām` and `aśubhānām`.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

राशी (rāśī) - two heaps, two masses, two collections

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāśi

rāśi - heap, mass, collection, quantity

i-stem noun

Note: Refers to the two categories of deeds/results.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men, O foremost of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, foremost of men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Yudhishthira.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, previously

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative singular (neuter) or indeclinable.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good deed, meritorious act, virtue

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, virtuous act, merit, well-done

Compound of su- (good) and kṛta (done)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• kṛta – done, made, deed, act
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the fruit or result of good deeds.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - experiences, enjoys, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of bhuj

Present middle

3rd person singular present middle of root bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used idiomatically for 'experiences the fruits of'.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later, behind

(indeclinable)

Adverbial from paśca (back, west)

निरयम् (nirayam) - hell (niraya) (hell, underworld)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, place of punishment, underworld

Compound of nis- (down, out) and aya (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nis+aya)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• aya – going, movement, walk
  noun (masculine)
  From root i (to go)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the destination.

एति (eti) - goes, attains, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of i

Present active

3rd person singular present active of root i

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `saḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular

Note: Subject.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, previously

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative singular (neuter) or indeclinable.

नरकभाग्यः (narakabhāgyaḥ) - experiencing hell (naraka) (destined for hell, experiencing hell, sharing hell's fate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narakabhāgya

narakabhāgya - destined for hell, having hell as a share, experiencing hell

From `naraka` (hell) + `bhāgya` (destiny, share)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (naraka+bhāgya)

• naraka – hell, underworld
  noun (masculine)
• bhāgya – destiny, fortune, share, lot
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhaj (to divide, obtain a share)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Predicative for `saḥ`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later

(indeclinable)

Adverbial from paśca (back, west)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial world, abode of gods

Compound of svar (light, heaven) + ga (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svar+ga)

• svar – heaven, sky, light
  indeclinable
  Vedic term for sky/heaven
• ga – going, moving, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the destination.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes to, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of i

Present active

3rd person singular present active of root i with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `saḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular

Note: Subject.