महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-60, verse-16

न तेन विकृतं वक्त्रं कृतं संग्राममूर्धनि ।
न पृष्ठतः कृतश्चापि संग्रामस्तेन दुस्तरः ॥१६॥

16. na tena vikṛtaṁ vaktraṁ kṛtaṁ saṁgrāmamūrdhani ,
na pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtaścāpi saṁgrāmastena dustaraḥ.

16. na tena vikṛtam vaktram kṛtam saṅgrāmamūrdhani na
pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtaḥ ca api saṅgrāmaḥ tena dustaraḥ

16. tena saṅgrāmamūrdhani vikṛtam vaktram na kṛtam,
ca api tena pṛṣṭhataḥ dustaraḥ saṅgrāmaḥ na kṛtaḥ.

16. He never made a distorted face on the battlefield, nor did he turn his back on that exceedingly difficult war.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, never (not, no, nor)

• तेन (tena) - by him (by him/that, with him/that)

• विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - distorted (disfigured, distorted, changed, altered)

• वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - face (face, mouth)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - made (done, made, performed)

• सङ्ग्राममूर्धनि (saṅgrāmamūrdhani) - on the battlefield (at the forefront of battle, in the midst of battle)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - by turning his back (from behind, from the back, backwards)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - abandoned (implying 'made' from the back) (done, made, performed)

• च (ca) - nor (in conjunction with 'na') (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the negative) (also, even, moreover, though)

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war (battle, war, combat)

• तेन (tena) - by him (by him/that, with him/that)

• दुस्तरः (dustaraḥ) - exceedingly difficult (difficult to cross, hard to overcome, formidable)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, never (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (by him/that, with him/that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Agent in passive construction.

विकृतम् (vikṛtam) - distorted (disfigured, distorted, changed, altered)

(participle)

neuter, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - disfigured, distorted, changed, altered, abnormal

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with prefix 'vi' (denoting separation, change). Formed with '-kta' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - face (face, mouth)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vaktra

vaktra - face, mouth, snout

From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause (in passive construction).

कृतम् (kṛtam) - made (done, made, performed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with '-kta' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सङ्ग्राममूर्धनि (saṅgrāmamūrdhani) - on the battlefield (at the forefront of battle, in the midst of battle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāmamūrdhan

saṅgrāmamūrdhan - forefront of battle

Compound of 'saṅgrāma' (battle) and 'mūrdhan' (head, top, forefront).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṅgrāma+mūrdhan)

• saṅgrāma – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam-grāh' (to seize together).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grāh (class 9)
• mūrdhan – head, top, peak, forefront
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - by turning his back (from behind, from the back, backwards)

(indeclinable)

From 'pṛṣṭha' (back) with suffix '-tas'.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - abandoned (implying 'made' from the back) (done, made, performed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with '-kta' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'saṅgrāmaḥ'.

च (ca) - nor (in conjunction with 'na') (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the negative) (also, even, moreover, though)

(indeclinable)

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war (battle, war, combat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

From 'sam-grāh' (to seize together).

Prefix: sam

Root: grāh (class 9)

Note: Subject of the second clause (in passive construction).

तेन (tena) - by him (by him/that, with him/that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Agent in passive construction.

दुस्तरः (dustaraḥ) - exceedingly difficult (difficult to cross, hard to overcome, formidable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dustara

dustara - difficult to cross, hard to overcome, formidable

Compound of 'dur' (difficult, bad) and 'tara' (crossing, overcoming). From root 'tṛ' (to cross).

Compound type : prādisamāsa (dur+tara)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• tara – crossing, passing over
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tṛ' (to cross).
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saṅgrāmaḥ'.