महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-9

व्याख्यातं पूर्वकल्पेन मशकोदुम्बरं यथा ।
भुज्यमानं न जानीते नित्यं सत्त्वमचेतनम् ।
यस्त्वेव तु विजानीते यो भुङ्क्ते यश्च भुज्यते ॥९॥

9. vyākhyātaṁ pūrvakalpena maśakodumbaraṁ yathā ,
bhujyamānaṁ na jānīte nityaṁ sattvamacetanam ,
yastveva tu vijānīte yo bhuṅkte yaśca bhujyate.

9. vyākhyātam pūrvakalpena maśakodumbaram
yathā bhujyamānam na jānīte nityam
sattvam acetanam yaḥ tu eva tu
vijānīte yaḥ bhuṅkte yaḥ ca bhujyate

9. pūrvakalpena maśakodumbaram yathā
vyākhyātam acetanam sattvam nityam
bhujyamānam na jānīte yaḥ tu eva
vijānīte yaḥ bhuṅkte ca yaḥ bhujyate

9. This has been explained by the previous analogy, just as a mosquito inside an udumbara fig. The unconscious nature (sattva), though always being experienced, does not understand. But the one who truly comprehends both the experiencer and the experienced, that is the knower of the field (kṣetrajña).

Words meanings summery:

• व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - explained, expounded

• पूर्वकल्पेन (pūrvakalpena) - by the previous analogy/example

• मशकोदुम्बरम् (maśakodumbaram) - the mosquito-fig analogy

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

• भुज्यमानम् (bhujyamānam) - being enjoyed, being experienced

• न (na) - not

• जानीते (jānīte) - knows, understands

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally, always, constantly

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - nature, existence, being, essence, goodness, intellect

• अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, non-sentient

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• विजानीते (vijānīte) - knows well, understands

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys, experiences

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

• च (ca) - and

• भुज्यते (bhujyate) - is enjoyed, is experienced

Words meanings and morphology

व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - explained, expounded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyākhyāta

vyākhyāta - explained, expounded, declared

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root 'khyā' with prefixes 'vi-ā'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

पूर्वकल्पेन (pūrvakalpena) - by the previous analogy/example

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pūrvakalpa

pūrvakalpa - previous analogy, former example, earlier arrangement

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+kalpa)

• pūrva – previous, former, prior, eastern
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• kalpa – rule, ordinance, analogy, example, cosmic age
  noun (masculine)

मशकोदुम्बरम् (maśakodumbaram) - the mosquito-fig analogy

(noun)

neuter, singular of maśakodumbara

maśakodumbara - the mosquito in the fig; the mosquito-fig analogy (referring to a mosquito that lives in an udumbara fig without being aware of the tree or its true nature)

Compound type : dvandva (maśaka+udumbara)

• maśaka – mosquito, gnat
  noun (masculine)
• udumbara – udumbara tree (Ficus glomerata), the fig fruit of this tree
  noun (masculine/neuter)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, just as

(indeclinable)

भुज्यमानम् (bhujyamānam) - being enjoyed, being experienced

(adjective)

neuter, singular of bhujyamāna

bhujyamāna - being eaten, being enjoyed, being experienced

Present Passive Participle

Present Passive Participle of the root 'bhuj'

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'sattvam'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जानीते (jānīte) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally, always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - nature, existence, being, essence, goodness, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - reality, existence, being, essence, nature, goodness, intellect (one of the three guṇas)

अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, non-sentient

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, non-sentient, inanimate

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix/indeclinable
• cetana – conscious, sentient, animate
  adjective/noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Modifies 'sattvam'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

विजानीते (vijānīte) - knows well, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys, experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भुज्यते (bhujyate) - is enjoyed, is experienced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)