महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-41

पार्थिवश्च सदा गन्धो गन्धश्च बहुधा स्मृतः ।
तस्य गन्धस्य वक्ष्यामि विस्तरेण बहून्गुणान् ॥४१॥

41. pārthivaśca sadā gandho gandhaśca bahudhā smṛtaḥ ,
tasya gandhasya vakṣyāmi vistareṇa bahūnguṇān.

41. pārthivaḥ ca sadā gandhaḥ gandhaḥ ca bahudhā smṛtaḥ
tasya gandhasya vakṣyāmi vistareṇa bahūn guṇān

41. pārthivaḥ gandhaḥ ca sadā gandhaḥ ca bahudhā smṛtaḥ
tasya gandhasya bahūn guṇān vistareṇa vakṣyāmi

41. Terrestrial smell (gandha) is always present, and this smell is considered to be of many varieties. I will now explain in detail its numerous qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - The smell that originates from or is characteristic of the Earth. (terrestrial, earthy, belonging to the earth)

• च (ca) - Conjunction, joining the idea of 'terrestrial smell' with the flow of discourse. (and)

• सदा (sadā) - Emphasizes the constant nature of this terrestrial smell. (always, ever, constantly)

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - The quality of smell, specifically terrestrial smell. (smell, odor, fragrance)

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - This same terrestrial smell, being elaborated upon. (smell, odor, fragrance)

• च (ca) - Connects the two clauses about smell. (and)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - Describes the diverse nature of smell. (in many ways, manifold, of many kinds)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - It is traditionally recognized or stated that smell is manifold. (remembered, called, considered, said)

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers back to gandhasya (smell). (of that, its)

• गन्धस्य (gandhasya) - The qualities being described belong to this smell. (of the smell, concerning the smell)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker's intention to elaborate on the qualities of smell. (I will speak, I will say, I will tell, I will describe)

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - The manner in which the qualities will be described. (in detail, extensively, at length)

• बहून् (bahūn) - The qualities of smell are not just diverse but numerous in kind. (many, numerous)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - The various characteristics of smell. (qualities, attributes)

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - The smell that originates from or is characteristic of the Earth. (terrestrial, earthy, belonging to the earth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - Terrestrial, earthly, royal, relating to a king.

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with suffix -a.

Note: Refers to gandhaḥ.

च (ca) - Conjunction, joining the idea of 'terrestrial smell' with the flow of discourse. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enclitic conjunction.

सदा (sadā) - Emphasizes the constant nature of this terrestrial smell. (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - The quality of smell, specifically terrestrial smell. (smell, odor, fragrance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - Smell, odor, fragrance, scent.

From root gandh (to smell).

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - This same terrestrial smell, being elaborated upon. (smell, odor, fragrance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - Smell, odor, fragrance, scent.

From root gandh (to smell).

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

च (ca) - Connects the two clauses about smell. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enclitic conjunction.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - Describes the diverse nature of smell. (in many ways, manifold, of many kinds)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā indicating 'in many ways'.

Note: Adverb modifying smṛtaḥ.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - It is traditionally recognized or stated that smell is manifold. (remembered, called, considered, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - Remembered, recollected, known as, said to be.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Serves as the predicate.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers back to gandhasya (smell). (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - That, he, she, it.

Note: Agrees with gandhasya.

गन्धस्य (gandhasya) - The qualities being described belong to this smell. (of the smell, concerning the smell)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - Smell, odor, fragrance, scent.

From root gandh (to smell).

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Refers to the terrestrial smell.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - The speaker's intention to elaborate on the qualities of smell. (I will speak, I will say, I will tell, I will describe)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense

Root vac (substituted by vakṣ- in future).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The speaker is the subject.

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - The manner in which the qualities will be described. (in detail, extensively, at length)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - Extension, expanse, detail, elaboration.

From root stṛ with prefix vi- (to spread out).

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Adverbial use.

बहून् (bahūn) - The qualities of smell are not just diverse but numerous in kind. (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - Many, much, numerous.

Note: Agrees with guṇān.

गुणान् (guṇān) - The various characteristics of smell. (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - Quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue.

Note: Object of vakṣyāmi.