महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-30

नावं न शक्यमारुह्य स्थले विपरिवर्तितुम् ।
तथैव रथमारुह्य नाप्सु चर्या विधीयते ॥३०॥

30. nāvaṁ na śakyamāruhya sthale viparivartitum ,
tathaiva rathamāruhya nāpsu caryā vidhīyate.

30. nāvam na śakyam āruhya sthale viparivartitum
tathā eva ratham āruhya na apsu caryā vidhīyate

30. It is not possible to move about on dry land by mounting a boat. Likewise, having mounted a chariot, one cannot perform movement in the waters.

Words meanings summery:

• नावम् (nāvam) - boat

• न (na) - not

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - by mounting (having ascended, having mounted)

• स्थले (sthale) - on dry land, on the ground

• विपरिवर्तितुम् (viparivartitum) - to move about, to turn around

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, very

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - by mounting (having ascended, having mounted)

• न (na) - not

• अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

• चर्या (caryā) - movement (movement, conduct, action, practice)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is performed, is done, is ordained

Words meanings and morphology

नावम् (nāvam) - boat

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

Note: Object of āruhya.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able, fit

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly 'it is possible'.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - by mounting (having ascended, having mounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ā + root √ruh (to grow, ascend)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

स्थले (sthale) - on dry land, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthala

sthala - dry ground, land, place, spot

Root: sthal (class 1)

Note: Indicates place.

विपरिवर्तितुम् (viparivartitum) - to move about, to turn around

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of viparivṛt

Infinitive

From prefixes vi-pari + root √vṛt (to turn)

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Governed by śakyam.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the second part of the simile.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, very

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root √ram (to delight) with secondary suffix.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of āruhya.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - by mounting (having ascended, having mounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ā + root √ruh (to grow, ascend)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb.

अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Always used in plural (apah)

Note: Indicates place.

चर्या (caryā) - movement (movement, conduct, action, practice)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of caryā

caryā - movement, conduct, practice, walking, course

Kṛt suffix -yā (from √car)

From root √car (to move, go, act)

Root: car (class 1)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is performed, is done, is ordained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice

From prefix vi + root √dhā (to place, do)

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)