महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-46

शुक्लं कृष्णं तथा रक्तं नीलं पीतारुणं तथा ।
ह्रस्वं दीर्घं तथा स्थूलं चतुरस्राणु वृत्तकम् ॥४६॥

46. śuklaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ tathā raktaṁ nīlaṁ pītāruṇaṁ tathā ,
hrasvaṁ dīrghaṁ tathā sthūlaṁ caturasrāṇu vṛttakam.

46. śuklam kṛṣṇam tathā raktam nīlam pīta-aruṇam tathā |
hrasvam dīrgham tathā sthūlam caturasram aṇu vṛttakam

46. śuklam kṛṣṇam tathā raktam nīlam pīta-aruṇam tathā
hrasvam dīrgham tathā sthūlam caturasram aṇu vṛttakam

46. White, black, and also red, blue, and orange (yellow-red); similarly, short, long, and also thick, square, minute, and circular.

Words meanings summery:

• शुक्लम् (śuklam) - white (color) (white, bright, pure)

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - black (color) (black, dark)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

• रक्तम् (raktam) - red (color) (red, colored, dyed, attached)

• नीलम् (nīlam) - blue (color) (blue, dark blue, indigo)

• पीत-अरुणम् (pīta-aruṇam) - orange, yellowish-red (color) (yellowish-red, orange)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, and, also)

• ह्रस्वम् (hrasvam) - short (dimension) (short, small)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long (dimension) (long, tall)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

• स्थूलम् (sthūlam) - thick (dimension) (thick, large, coarse, gross)

• चतुरस्रम् (caturasram) - square (shape) (four-cornered, square)

• अणु (aṇu) - minute (size/quality) (minute, subtle, atom)

• वृत्तकम् (vṛttakam) - circular (shape) (circular, round)

Words meanings and morphology

शुक्लम् (śuklam) - white (color) (white, bright, pure)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śukla

śukla - white, bright, pure, clean

Root: śuc

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - black (color) (black, dark)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

रक्तम् (raktam) - red (color) (red, colored, dyed, attached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakta

rakta - red, colored, dyed, attached

Past Passive Participle

From root rañj, 'to color, to be red'

Root: rañj (class 1)

नीलम् (nīlam) - blue (color) (blue, dark blue, indigo)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nīla

nīla - blue, dark blue, indigo

पीत-अरुणम् (pīta-aruṇam) - orange, yellowish-red (color) (yellowish-red, orange)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pītāruṇa

pītāruṇa - yellowish-red, orange

compound of pīta (yellow) + aruṇa (red, tawny)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pīta+aruṇa)

• pīta – yellow, drunk (ppp of pā)
  adjective (neuter)
  From root pī (to drink) or root pī (to be yellow)
• aruṇa – reddish, tawny, dawn
  adjective (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

ह्रस्वम् (hrasvam) - short (dimension) (short, small)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, little

Root: hras

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long (dimension) (long, tall)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall

Root: dīrgh

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

स्थूलम् (sthūlam) - thick (dimension) (thick, large, coarse, gross)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthūla

sthūla - thick, large, coarse, gross

Root: sthūl

चतुरस्रम् (caturasram) - square (shape) (four-cornered, square)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturasra

caturasra - four-cornered, square

compound of catur (four) + asra (corner)

Compound type : tatpurusha (catur+asra)

• catur – four
  numeral
• asra – corner, edge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as

अणु (aṇu) - minute (size/quality) (minute, subtle, atom)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aṇu

aṇu - minute, subtle, atom

Root: aṇ

Note: Treated as an adjective here agreeing with the implied rūpam.

वृत्तकम् (vṛttakam) - circular (shape) (circular, round)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛttaka

vṛttaka - circular, round

diminutive of vṛtta (round), from root vṛt (to turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)