महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-37

बीजधर्मिण इत्याहुः प्रसवं च न कुर्वते ।
विशेषाः पञ्चभूतानां तेषां वित्तं विशेषणम् ॥३७॥

37. bījadharmiṇa ityāhuḥ prasavaṁ ca na kurvate ,
viśeṣāḥ pañcabhūtānāṁ teṣāṁ vittaṁ viśeṣaṇam.

37. bījadharmiṇaḥ iti āhuḥ prasavam ca na kurvate
| viśeṣāḥ pañcabhūtānām teṣām vittam viśeṣaṇam

37. iti āhuḥ bījadharmiṇaḥ prasavam ca na kurvate
teṣām pañcabhūtānām viśeṣāḥ vittam viśeṣaṇam

37. They declare that those possessing a seed-like intrinsic nature (dharma) do not, however, generate further evolution (prasava). The specific qualities (viśeṣas) of these five elements (mahābhūtas) are known to be their distinguishing characteristic (viśeṣaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• बीजधर्मिणः (bījadharmiṇaḥ) - those principles which are 'seeds' for further combinations but do not evolve into new tattvas (like gross elements). (having the nature of a seed, seed-like)

• इति (iti) - introduces or follows a statement (thus, so)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - implies common knowledge or traditional teaching (they say, they declare)

• प्रसवम् (prasavam) - refers to the act of generating further principles or tattvas (production, generation, evolution)

• च (ca) - connects the two clauses, can imply 'however' here (and, also, but)

• न (na) - negation of the verb 'kurvate' (not, no)

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - 'they generate', specifically, 'they produce further principles' (they do, they make)

• विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) - in Sāṅkhya, refers to the gross elements (mahābhūtas) and their combinations, which have specific, distinct qualities. (distinctions, specific qualities, particulars)

• पञ्चभूतानाम् (pañcabhūtānām) - specifically referring to the five gross elements (mahābhūtas) (of the five elements)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers back to the 'pañcabhūtānām' (of the five elements) (of them, their)

• वित्तम् (vittam) - 'understood to be' or 'regarded as' (known, understood, property, wealth)

• विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - the specific defining attribute of the elements (distinguishing mark, characteristic, attribute)

Words meanings and morphology

बीजधर्मिणः (bījadharmiṇaḥ) - those principles which are 'seeds' for further combinations but do not evolve into new tattvas (like gross elements). (having the nature of a seed, seed-like)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bījadharmin

bījadharmin - having the nature of a seed, seed-like

Derived from bījadharma with the suffix -in.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bīja+dharma)

• bīja – seed, origin, primary cause
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as the subject of the implied verb 'are'.

इति (iti) - introduces or follows a statement (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - implies common knowledge or traditional teaching (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: From root 'ah', usually perfect, but here used in present sense.

प्रसवम् (prasavam) - refers to the act of generating further principles or tattvas (production, generation, evolution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasava

prasava - birth, production, generation, evolution, offspring

Derived from root su (to generate, give birth) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: su (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'kurvate'.

च (ca) - connects the two clauses, can imply 'however' here (and, also, but)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enclitic conjunction.

न (na) - negation of the verb 'kurvate' (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

कुर्वते (kurvate) - 'they generate', specifically, 'they produce further principles' (they do, they make)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

From root kṛ (class 8, U-padi). 3rd person plural middle voice, present tense.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The middle voice can imply an action done for oneself or with a reflexivive sense.

विशेषाः (viśeṣāḥ) - in Sāṅkhya, refers to the gross elements (mahābhūtas) and their combinations, which have specific, distinct qualities. (distinctions, specific qualities, particulars)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, specific property, particular, individual object

Derived from root śiṣ (to distinguish) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

पञ्चभूतानाम् (pañcabhūtānām) - specifically referring to the five gross elements (mahābhūtas) (of the five elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of pañcabhūta

pañcabhūta - the five elements

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+bhūta)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• bhūta – element, being, creature
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the five elements'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - refers back to the 'pañcabhūtānām' (of the five elements) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with pañcabhūtānām (neuter plural).

वित्तम् (vittam) - 'understood to be' or 'regarded as' (known, understood, property, wealth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vitta

vitta - found, acquired, known, understood, property, wealth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid (to know, find) with participle suffix -ta.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Implies an impersonal construction 'it is known'.

विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - the specific defining attribute of the elements (distinguishing mark, characteristic, attribute)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśeṣaṇa

viśeṣaṇa - distinguishing mark, characteristic, attribute, qualification

Derived from root śiṣ (to distinguish) with prefix vi and suffix -ana.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Predicate noun for 'viśeṣāḥ' (implicitly, as 'their distinguishing characteristic is...').