महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-28

तीर्णो गच्छेत्परं पारं नावमुत्सृज्य निर्ममः ।
व्याख्यातं पूर्वकल्पेन यथा रथिपदातिनौ ॥२८॥

28. tīrṇo gacchetparaṁ pāraṁ nāvamutsṛjya nirmamaḥ ,
vyākhyātaṁ pūrvakalpena yathā rathipadātinau.

28. tīrṇaḥ gacchet param pāram nāvam utsṛjya nirmamaḥ
vyākhyātam pūrvakalpena yathā rathipadātinau

28. Having crossed, one who is free from possessiveness (mama) should reach the other shore by abandoning the boat. This has been explained by the previous analogy, just like the case of the charioteer and the foot-soldier.

Words meanings summery:

• तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, crossed

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should go, would go, should reach

• परम् (param) - other, opposite (other, farther, supreme)

• पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, further side

• नावम् (nāvam) - boat

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, relinquishing

• निर्ममः (nirmamaḥ) - free from possessiveness, disinterested

• व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - explained, described

• पूर्वकल्पेन (pūrvakalpena) - by the previous example/analogy

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• रथिपदातिनौ (rathipadātinau) - the charioteer and the foot-soldier (dual)

Words meanings and morphology

तीर्णः (tīrṇaḥ) - having crossed, crossed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, overcome, traversed

Past Passive Participle

From root √tṛ (to cross)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Used substantively.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should go, would go, should reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root √gam (class 1 Parasmaipada)

Root: gam (class 1)

परम् (param) - other, opposite (other, farther, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, farther, supreme

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying pāram.

पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, further side

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - shore, bank, further side, end

From root √pṛ (to cross)

Root: pṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of gacchet.

नावम् (nāvam) - boat

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

Note: Object of utsṛjya.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, relinquishing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ut + root √sṛj (to release, cast)

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive.

निर्ममः (nirmamaḥ) - free from possessiveness, disinterested

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirmama

nirmama - free from 'mine' or possessiveness, unselfish, disinterested

Compound of nir (without) + mama (mine)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+mama)

• nis – out, forth, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mama – mine, my (possessive pronoun)
  pronoun
  Genitive singular of asmad

Note: Predicative adjective.

व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - explained, described

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyākhyāta

vyākhyāta - explained, declared, described

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi-ā + root √khyā (to tell, declare)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Predicative, referring to the preceding statement.

पूर्वकल्पेन (pūrvakalpena) - by the previous example/analogy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pūrvakalpa

pūrvakalpa - former instance, previous analogy/simile, former explanation

Compound of pūrva (previous) + kalpa (rule, simile, thought)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+kalpa)

• pūrva – former, previous, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• kalpa – rule, ordinance, simile, section, a cosmic age
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kḷp (to be arranged)
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Agent of vyākhyātam.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

रथिपदातिनौ (rathipadātinau) - the charioteer and the foot-soldier (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rathipadāti

rathipadāti - charioteer and foot-soldier (collectively)

Dvandva compound of rathin (charioteer) and padāti (foot-soldier)

Compound type : dvandva (rathin+padāti)

• rathin – charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ratha (chariot) + -in (possessive suffix)
• padāti – foot-soldier, infantryman
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pada (foot) + atin (going)
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Refers to two entities.