महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-52

षड्जर्षभौ च गान्धारो मध्यमः पञ्चमस्तथा ।
अतः परं तु विज्ञेयो निषादो धैवतस्तथा ॥५२॥

52. ṣaḍjarṣabhau ca gāndhāro madhyamaḥ pañcamastathā ,
ataḥ paraṁ tu vijñeyo niṣādo dhaivatastathā.

52. ṣaḍjarṣabhau ca gāndhāraḥ madhyamaḥ pañcamaḥ tathā
ataḥ param tu vijñeyaḥ niṣādaḥ dhaivataḥ tathā

52. ṣaḍjarṣabhau ca gāndhāraḥ madhyamaḥ pañcamaḥ tathā
ataḥ param tu niṣādaḥ dhaivataḥ tathā vijñeyaḥ

52. The musical notes are ṣaḍja, ṛṣabha, gāndhāra, madhyama, and pañcama. Furthermore, niṣāda and dhaivata are also to be understood.

Words meanings summery:

• षड्जर्षभौ (ṣaḍjarṣabhau) - ṣaḍja and ṛṣabha (two musical notes)

• च (ca) - and

• गान्धारः (gāndhāraḥ) - gāndhāra (a musical note)

• मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - madhyama (a musical note)

• पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - pañcama (a musical note)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, also, and

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, thereafter

• परम् (param) - beyond, further, supreme, highest

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - is to be known, understood, recognized

• निषादः (niṣādaḥ) - niṣāda (a musical note)

• धैवतः (dhaivataḥ) - dhaivata (a musical note)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, also, and

Words meanings and morphology

षड्जर्षभौ (ṣaḍjarṣabhau) - ṣaḍja and ṛṣabha (two musical notes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ṣaḍjarṣabha

ṣaḍjarṣabha - ṣaḍja and ṛṣabha (the first two of the seven musical notes)

Compound type : dvandva (ṣaḍja+ṛṣabha)

• ṣaḍja – the first of the seven musical notes
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – the second of the seven musical notes
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

गान्धारः (gāndhāraḥ) - gāndhāra (a musical note)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāndhāra

gāndhāra - the third of the seven musical notes

Note: Part of the list of notes.

मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - madhyama (a musical note)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, the fourth of the seven musical notes

Note: Part of the list of notes.

पञ्चमः (pañcamaḥ) - pañcama (a musical note)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth, the fifth of the seven musical notes

Derived from pañcan (five).

Note: Part of the list of notes.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, also, and

(indeclinable)

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Formed from idam (this) + -tas suffix.

परम् (param) - beyond, further, supreme, highest

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'further' or 'beyond'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - is to be known, understood, recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, to be understood, intelligible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From vi- + √jñā (to know) + -ya suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with niṣādaḥ and dhaivataḥ.

निषादः (niṣādaḥ) - niṣāda (a musical note)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣāda

niṣāda - the seventh or lowest musical note, name of an outcaste tribe

Note: Subject, along with dhaivataḥ.

धैवतः (dhaivataḥ) - dhaivata (a musical note)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhaivata

dhaivata - the sixth of the seven musical notes

Note: Subject, along with niṣādaḥ.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, also, and

(indeclinable)