महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-44

मधुरोऽम्लः कटुस्तिक्तः कषायो लवणस्तथा ।
एवं षड्विधविस्तारो रसो वारिमयः स्मृतः ॥४४॥

44. madhuro'mlaḥ kaṭustiktaḥ kaṣāyo lavaṇastathā ,
evaṁ ṣaḍvidhavistāro raso vārimayaḥ smṛtaḥ.

44. madhuraḥ amlaḥ kaṭuḥ tiktaḥ kaṣāyaḥ lavaṇaḥ tathā
| evam ṣaṭ-vidha-vistāraḥ rasaḥ vārimayaḥ smṛtaḥ

44. madhuraḥ amlaḥ kaṭuḥ tiktaḥ kaṣāyaḥ lavaṇaḥ tathā
evam ṣaṭ-vidha-vistāraḥ rasaḥ vārimayaḥ smṛtaḥ

44. Sweet, sour, pungent, bitter, astringent, and salty—thus, taste is considered to be of six extensive kinds, being composed of water.

Words meanings summery:

• मधुरः (madhuraḥ) - sweet (taste) (sweet, pleasant)

• अम्लः (amlaḥ) - sour (taste) (sour, acidic)

• कटुः (kaṭuḥ) - pungent (taste) (pungent, acrid, sharp)

• तिक्तः (tiktaḥ) - bitter (taste) (bitter)

• कषायः (kaṣāyaḥ) - astringent (taste) (astringent, brown/reddish color)

• लवणः (lavaṇaḥ) - salty (taste) (salty, salt)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• षट्-विध-विस्तारः (ṣaṭ-vidha-vistāraḥ) - of six extensive kinds (expanded into six kinds, of six types)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (taste, essence, juice, emotion)

• वारिमयः (vārimayaḥ) - being composed of water (consisting of water, watery)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, considered, traditional)

Words meanings and morphology

मधुरः (madhuraḥ) - sweet (taste) (sweet, pleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, delightful

अम्लः (amlaḥ) - sour (taste) (sour, acidic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amla

amla - sour, acidic

कटुः (kaṭuḥ) - pungent (taste) (pungent, acrid, sharp)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭu

kaṭu - pungent, acrid, sharp, bitter

तिक्तः (tiktaḥ) - bitter (taste) (bitter)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tikta

tikta - bitter

Past Passive Participle

From root tij, 'to be sharp', with secondary meaning of bitter

Root: tij (class 6)

कषायः (kaṣāyaḥ) - astringent (taste) (astringent, brown/reddish color)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṣāya

kaṣāya - astringent, brown, reddish

Root: kaṣ

लवणः (lavaṇaḥ) - salty (taste) (salty, salt)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lavaṇa

lavaṇa - salty, salt, beautiful

Root: lu

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

षट्-विध-विस्तारः (ṣaṭ-vidha-vistāraḥ) - of six extensive kinds (expanded into six kinds, of six types)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍvidhavistāra

ṣaḍvidhavistāra - expansion into six kinds, six-fold extent

compound of ṣaṭ (six) + vidha (kind) + vistāra (expansion)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṣaṭ+vidha+vistāra)

• ṣaṭ – six
  numeral
• vidha – kind, type, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + dhā, 'to place apart'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vistāra – expansion, extent, diffusion
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + stṛ, 'to spread out'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (taste, essence, juice, emotion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion

From root ras, 'to taste'

Root: ras (class 1)

वारिमयः (vārimayaḥ) - being composed of water (consisting of water, watery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vārimaya

vārimaya - consisting of water, made of water, watery

From vāri (water) + suffix -maya (made of)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, considered, traditional)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, considered, traditional

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ, 'to remember'

Root: smṛ (class 1)