महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-49, verse-23

उच्चं पर्वतमारुह्य नान्ववेक्षेत भूगतम् ।
रथेन रथिनं पश्येत्क्लिश्यमानमचेतनम् ॥२३॥

23. uccaṁ parvatamāruhya nānvavekṣeta bhūgatam ,
rathena rathinaṁ paśyetkliśyamānamacetanam.

23. uccam parvatam āruhya na anvavekṣeta bhūgatam
rathena rathinam paśyet kliśyamānam acetanam

23. uccam parvatam āruhya bhūgatam na anvavekṣeta
rathena rathinam kliśyamānam acetanam paśyet

23. Having ascended a high mountain, one should not look back at things on the ground. Instead, one should observe a person in a chariot, who is suffering and unconscious.

Words meanings summery:

• उच्चम् (uccam) - high, elevated, lofty

• पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain, hill

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्ववेक्षेत (anvavekṣeta) - one should look back at, one should reconsider

• भूगतम् (bhūgatam) - what is on the ground (situated on the ground, earthly)

• रथेन (rathena) - by means of a chariot, with a chariot

• रथिनम् (rathinam) - a person in a chariot (charioteer, one who has a chariot, warrior in a chariot)

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should observe

• क्लिश्यमानम् (kliśyamānam) - suffering, being distressed, being tormented

• अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, senseless, inanimate, unintelligent

Words meanings and morphology

उच्चम् (uccam) - high, elevated, lofty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ucca

ucca - high, elevated, lofty, loud

पर्वतम् (parvatam) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from ā-RUH (to climb) with -ya suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्ववेक्षेत (anvavekṣeta) - one should look back at, one should reconsider

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of īkṣ

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular, Middle Voice

Formed from the root √īkṣ (to see) with prefixes anu- and ava-. Optative for 'should' or 'would'. Middle voice.

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भूगतम् (bhūgatam) - what is on the ground (situated on the ground, earthly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūgata

bhūgata - gone to the earth, situated on the ground, earthly

Compound of 'bhū' (earth) and 'gata' (gone).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+gata)

• bhū – earth, ground, place
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived at, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'what is on the ground' implicitly.

रथेन (rathena) - by means of a chariot, with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh

रथिनम् (rathinam) - a person in a chariot (charioteer, one who has a chariot, warrior in a chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot, warrior in a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with possessive suffix -in.

Note: Refers to a person in or on a chariot.

पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, one should observe

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

Optative Mood, 3rd person singular, Active Voice

Formed from the root √dṛś (to see), with `paśya` as the thematic stem. Optative for 'should' or 'would'. Active voice.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

क्लिश्यमानम् (kliśyamānam) - suffering, being distressed, being tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kliśyamāna

kliśyamāna - suffering, being distressed, being tormented

Present Participle, Middle Voice

Formed from the root √kliś (to suffer, be distressed) with the suffix -yamāna (middle voice present participle).

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rathinam'.

अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, senseless, inanimate, unintelligent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, senseless, inanimate, unintelligent

Negation of 'cetana' (conscious, sentient) with prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• cetana – conscious, sentient, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rathinam'.