महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90, verse-4

श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः ।
कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाभिजनेन च ॥४॥

4. śrāddhe tvatha mahārāja parīkṣedbrāhmaṇānbudhaḥ ,
kulaśīlavayorūpairvidyayābhijanena ca.

4. śrāddhe tu atha mahārāja parīkṣet brāhmaṇān
budhaḥ kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā abhijanena ca

4. atha mahārāja budhaḥ śrāddhe tu brāhmaṇān
kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā ca abhijanena parīkṣet

4. Now, O great king, a wise person should indeed examine the Brahmins for a post-funeral ritual (śrāddha) based on their family, character, age, appearance, knowledge, and noble lineage.

Words meanings summery:

• श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the post-funeral ritual (śrāddha) (in the śrāddha ritual, in faith)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, yet, however)

• अथ (atha) - now, next (now, then, thereupon)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (O great king, great king)

• परीक्षेत् (parīkṣet) - one should examine (one should examine, one should investigate, one should test)

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins (as recipients of śrāddha offerings) (Brahmins, members of the priestly class)

• बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person (who is performing the śrāddha) (a wise person, an intelligent person)

• कुलशीलवयोरूपैः (kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ) - by family, character, age, and physical attributes (by family, character, age, and appearance)

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by their knowledge (by knowledge, by learning)

• अभिजनेन (abhijanena) - by their noble lineage (by noble birth, by lineage, by ancestry)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the post-funeral ritual (śrāddha) (in the śrāddha ritual, in faith)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - a ceremony performed in honor and for the benefit of deceased ancestors; faith, belief

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - now, next (now, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a new beginning or a transition in the discourse.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (O great king, great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, sovereign

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

परीक्षेत् (parīkṣet) - one should examine (one should examine, one should investigate, one should test)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pari-īkṣ

optative active

root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pari- (around, thoroughly), optative 3rd singular active

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Implicit subject is 'budhaḥ'.

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins (as recipients of śrāddha offerings) (Brahmins, members of the priestly class)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

Note: Object of 'parīkṣet'.

बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person (who is performing the śrāddha) (a wise person, an intelligent person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budha

budha - wise, intelligent; a wise person

from root budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'parīkṣet'.

कुलशीलवयोरूपैः (kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ) - by family, character, age, and physical attributes (by family, character, age, and appearance)

(noun)

Instrumental, plural of kulaśīlavayorūpa

kulaśīlavayorūpa - family, character, age, and appearance (as a collective property)

Compound type : dvandva (kula+śīla+vayas+rūpa)

• kula – family, lineage, race, community
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – character, conduct, habit, nature, good behavior
  noun (neuter)
• vayas – age, youth, period of life
  noun (neuter)
• rūpa – form, appearance, beauty, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: It is an instrumental plural of a dvandva compound where 'rūpa' determines the ending.

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by their knowledge (by knowledge, by learning)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

अभिजनेन (abhijanena) - by their noble lineage (by noble birth, by lineage, by ancestry)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhijana

abhijana - noble birth, lineage, family, ancestry

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

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