महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90, verse-38

ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति ।
तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥३८॥

38. brāhmaṇo hyanadhīyānastṛṇāgniriva śāmyati ,
tasmai śrāddhaṁ na dātavyaṁ na hi bhasmani hūyate.

38. brāhmaṇaḥ hi anadhīyānaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati |
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam na hi bhasmani hūyate

38. hi anadhīyānaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam hi bhasmani na hūyate

38. Indeed, a Brahmin who does not study (the Vedas) subsides like a fire made of grass. To such a one, a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) should not be given, for it is not offered into ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - a Brahmin who does not study the Vedas (not studying, unlearned (in Vedas))

• तृणाग्निः (tṛṇāgniḥ) - fire of grass, grass fire

• इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, is extinguished, becomes calm, ceases

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for that

• श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha (ancestral ritual), ancestral offering

• न (na) - not

• दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - to be given, should be given

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - for, because, indeed

• भस्मनि (bhasmani) - in ashes, into ashes

• हूयते (hūyate) - is offered, is sacrificed

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, priestly class member

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - a Brahmin who does not study the Vedas (not studying, unlearned (in Vedas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anadhīyāna

anadhīyāna - not studying, unlearned, illiterate

Present Middle Participle

Formed from the verb root 'i' (to go/learn) with prefix 'adhi-' (to study) and negative prefix 'an-', plus present participle suffix '-yāna'.

Prefixes: an+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

तृणाग्निः (tṛṇāgniḥ) - fire of grass, grass fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇāgni

tṛṇāgni - fire of grass, grass fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+agni)

• tṛṇa – grass, blade of grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, is extinguished, becomes calm, ceases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śam

Root: śam (class 4)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for that

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - śrāddha (ancestral ritual), ancestral offering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - ancestral ritual, offering for ancestors, faith

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - to be given, should be given

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya

dātavya - to be given, due to be given

Gerundive

Future Passive Participle from the root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, because, indeed

(indeclinable)

भस्मनि (bhasmani) - in ashes, into ashes

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhasman

bhasman - ashes, cinders

हूयते (hūyate) - is offered, is sacrificed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of hu

Root: hu (class 3)