महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह ।
द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṁ bhavecchrāddhaṁ pitāmaha ,
dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyam bhavet śrāddham
pitāmaha dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha kuruśārdūla kīdṛśebhyaḥ dvijebhyaḥ
śrāddham pradātavyam bhavet me tat vyākhyātum arhasi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said, 'O grandfather, O tiger among the Kurus! To what kind of Brahmins (dvija) should the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) be offered? You ought to explain that to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, addressing Bhīṣma. (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कीदृशेभ्यः (kīdṛśebhyaḥ) - To what kind of Brahmins. (to what kind of, to such like)

• प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be offered (the śrāddha). (to be given, ought to be given, suitable for offering)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be

• श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - The ancestral ritual. (ancestral ritual, offering to ancestors, faith)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma. (O grandfather)

• द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - To the Brahmins who are recipients of the śrāddha offering. (to Brahmins, to twice-born ones)

• कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - Addressing Bhīṣma as a great warrior of the Kuru clan. (O tiger among the Kurus, O best of the Kurus)

• तत् (tat) - The matter of which Brahmins are worthy. (that, that matter)

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to expound, to describe

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to explain). (you ought, you are worthy, you are able)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, addressing Bhīṣma. (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

Compound, "steady in battle" (yudhi sthiraḥ).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice

From root vac (to speak), class 2. Perfect tense form, often used to introduce speech.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Yudhiṣṭhira's speech.

कीदृशेभ्यः (kīdṛśebhyaḥ) - To what kind of Brahmins. (to what kind of, to such like)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, plural of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, of what appearance, such like

From kim (what) + dṛś (to see) + a.

Root: dṛś

Note: For whom the śrāddha should be.

प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - should be offered (the śrāddha). (to be given, ought to be given, suitable for offering)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradātavya

pradātavya - to be given, to be granted, suitable to be offered

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root dā (to give) + prefix pra + tavya (suffix for gerundive).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implying "it should be given".

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, Active voice

From root bhū (to be), class 1.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects with 'pradātavyam'.

श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - The ancestral ritual. (ancestral ritual, offering to ancestors, faith)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - ancestral ritual, offering to ancestors, faith, belief

From śraddhā (faith) + a (taddhita suffix), or root śrad-dhā.

Note: Subject of the impersonal construction 'pradātavyam bhavet'.

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhīṣma. (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather

Compound, pitṛ + mahā (great father).

Note: Address to Bhīṣma.

द्विजेभ्यः (dvijebhyaḥ) - To the Brahmins who are recipients of the śrāddha offering. (to Brahmins, to twice-born ones)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound, dvi (twice) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) + ḍa.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The recipients of the offering.

कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - Addressing Bhīṣma as a great warrior of the Kuru clan. (O tiger among the Kurus, O best of the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśārdūla

kuruśārdūla - tiger among the Kurus, best of the Kurus

Compound.

Compound type : upamāna-pūrvapada-karmadhāraya (kuru+śārdūla)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient royal dynasty/region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of (in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another address to Bhīṣma.

तत् (tat) - The matter of which Brahmins are worthy. (that, that matter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Object of 'vyākhyātum'.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic dative/genitive form.

Note: Indirect object.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to expound, to describe

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root khyā (to tell, relate) + prefixes vi and ā. Tumun suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (to explain). (you ought, you are worthy, you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, Active voice

From root arh (to deserve), class 1.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the request.