महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90, verse-40

यथाग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति ।
तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च यां चानृचे दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥४०॥

40. yathāgnau śānte ghṛtamājuhoti; tannaiva devānna pitṝnupaiti ,
tathā dattaṁ nartane gāyane ca; yāṁ cānṛce dakṣiṇāmāvṛṇoti.

40. yathā agnau śānte ghṛtam ā juhoti
tat na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| tathā dattam nartane gāyane
ca yām ca anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti

40. yathā śānte agnau ghṛtam ā juhoti,
tat devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti tathā nartane gāyane ca dattam,
ca yām anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti (sā api na upaiti)

40. Just as an offering of clarified butter poured into an extinguished fire reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors, similarly, that which is given for dancing and singing, and the offering (dakṣiṇā) bestowed upon one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce), also does not reach them.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which manner)

• अग्नौ (agnau) - in the fire

• शान्ते (śānte) - extinguished (extinguished, calmed, subsided)

• घृतम् (ghṛtam) - clarified butter (ghee, clarified butter)

• आ (ā) - into (towards, near, up to (prefix); here implies 'into')

• जुहोति (juhoti) - one offers (offers (into fire), sacrifices)

• तत् (tat) - that (offering) (that, it)

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• देवान् (devān) - to the gods

• न (na) - not

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the ancestors

• उपैति (upaiti) - reaches (approaches, reaches)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - that which is given/offered (given, offered)

• नर्तने (nartane) - for dancing (in dancing, for dancing)

• गायने (gāyane) - for singing (in singing, for singing)

• च (ca) - and

• याम् (yām) - which (offering) (which (feminine))

• च (ca) - and

• अनृचे (anṛce) - to one not versed in Vedic lore (to one who is not a ṛc; not learned in Vedas; not a priest/performer of ritual)

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - an offering (dakṣiṇā) (an offering, a fee, a gift)

• आवृणोति (āvṛṇoti) - one bestows (covers, conceals, bestows, chooses)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

अग्नौ (agnau) - in the fire

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

शान्ते (śānte) - extinguished (extinguished, calmed, subsided)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - calm, tranquil, quiet, pacified, extinguished

Past Passive Participle

from root śam (to be calm)

Root: śam (class 4)

घृतम् (ghṛtam) - clarified butter (ghee, clarified butter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghṛta

ghṛta - clarified butter, ghee

आ (ā) - into (towards, near, up to (prefix); here implies 'into')

(indeclinable)

जुहोति (juhoti) - one offers (offers (into fire), sacrifices)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of hu

3rd class verb (juhoti)

Root: hu (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that (offering) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

देवान् (devān) - to the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the ancestors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

उपैति (upaiti) - reaches (approaches, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upa-i

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

दत्तम् (dattam) - that which is given/offered (given, offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used here substantively as 'that which is given'.

नर्तने (nartane) - for dancing (in dancing, for dancing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nartana

nartana - dancing, acting, performing

from root nṛt

Root: nṛt (class 4)

गायने (gāyane) - for singing (in singing, for singing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gāyana

gāyana - singing, a song, musician

from root gai (gā)

Root: gai (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

याम् (yām) - which (offering) (which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनृचे (anṛce) - to one not versed in Vedic lore (to one who is not a ṛc; not learned in Vedas; not a priest/performer of ritual)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of anṛc

anṛc - one not knowing a Ṛgveda verse, one not versed in sacred lore

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛc)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ṛc – Vedic hymn, sacred verse, knowledge
  noun (feminine)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - an offering (dakṣiṇā) (an offering, a fee, a gift)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - offering, fee, gift, donation, south

आवृणोति (āvṛṇoti) - one bestows (covers, conceals, bestows, chooses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of ā-vṛ

5th class verb (āvṛṇoti)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Previous Verse Next Verse