महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90, verse-41

उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा या चानृचे दक्षिणा दीयते वै ।
आघातनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥४१॥

41. ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā; yā cānṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai ,
āghātanī garhitaiṣā patantī; teṣāṁ pretānpātayeddevayānāt.

41. ubhau hinasti na bhunakti ca eṣā
yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai
| āghātanī garhitā eṣā patantī
teṣām pretān pātayet devayānāt

41. yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā vai dīyate,
eṣā ubhau na hinasti ca na bhunakti eṣā āghātanī garhitā patantī teṣām pretān devayānāt pātayet

41. That offering (dakṣiṇā) which is given to one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce) injures both (the giver and recipient) and benefits neither. This despicable, destructive act, leading to downfall, would cast the departed spirits (pretān) of such people away from the path of the gods (devayāna).

Words meanings summery:

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (the giver and the recipient) (both)

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injures (injures, harms, destroys)

• न (na) - not

• भुनक्ति (bhunakti) - benefits (enjoys, protects, nourishes, benefits)

• च (ca) - and

• एषा (eṣā) - this (offering) (this (feminine))

• या (yā) - which (offering) (which (feminine))

• च (ca) - and

• अनृचे (anṛce) - to one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce) (to one not versed in Vedic lore; to one who is not a ṛc)

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - an offering (dakṣiṇā) (an offering, a fee, a gift)

• दीयते (dīyate) - is given

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• आघातनी (āghātanī) - destructive (destructive, causing injury, a blow)

• गर्हिता (garhitā) - despicable (censured, blameworthy, despised)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (act) (this (feminine))

• पतन्ती (patantī) - leading to downfall (falling, causing to fall)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of such people (of them)

• प्रेतान् (pretān) - departed spirits (pretān) (departed spirits, ghosts, dead)

• पातयेत् (pātayet) - would cast down (would cause to fall, would cast down)

• देवयानात् (devayānāt) - away from the path of the gods (devayāna) (from the path of the gods)

Words meanings and morphology

उभौ (ubhau) - both (the giver and the recipient) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injures (injures, harms, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of hiṃs

7th class verb (hinásti)

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

भुनक्ति (bhunakti) - benefits (enjoys, protects, nourishes, benefits)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhuj

7th class verb (bhunakti)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - this (offering) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, she, he, it

या (yā) - which (offering) (which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनृचे (anṛce) - to one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce) (to one not versed in Vedic lore; to one who is not a ṛc)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of anṛc

anṛc - one not knowing a Ṛgveda verse, one not versed in sacred lore

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛc)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ṛc – Vedic hymn, sacred verse, knowledge
  noun (feminine)

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - an offering (dakṣiṇā) (an offering, a fee, a gift)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - offering, fee, gift, donation, south

दीयते (dīyate) - is given

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dā

3rd class verb, passive voice (dīyate)

Root: dā (class 3)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

आघातनी (āghātanī) - destructive (destructive, causing injury, a blow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āghātanī

āghātanī - causing injury, destructive, murderous

agent noun/feminine derivative

from ā-han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

गर्हिता (garhitā) - despicable (censured, blameworthy, despised)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of garhita

garhita - censured, blamed, despised, blameworthy

Past Passive Participle

from root garh (to blame)

Root: garh (class 1)

एषा (eṣā) - this (act) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, she, he, it

पतन्ती (patantī) - leading to downfall (falling, causing to fall)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patantī

patantī - falling, flying, descending

Present Active Participle

from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of such people (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रेतान् (pretān) - departed spirits (pretān) (departed spirits, ghosts, dead)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of preta

preta - departed, dead, a departed spirit, ghost

Past Passive Participle

from pra-i (to go forth, die)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

पातयेत् (pātayet) - would cast down (would cause to fall, would cast down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhilin) of pātay

Causative

Causative of root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

देवयानात् (devayānāt) - away from the path of the gods (devayāna) (from the path of the gods)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of devayāna

devayāna - path of the gods, divine vehicle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+yāna)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• yāna – going, motion, path, vehicle
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yā (class 2)