महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-129, verse-29

चतुर्विधा भिक्षवस्ते कुटीचरकृतोदकः ।
हंसः परमहंसश्च यो यः पश्चात्स उत्तमः ॥२९॥

29. caturvidhā bhikṣavaste kuṭīcarakṛtodakaḥ ,
haṁsaḥ paramahaṁsaśca yo yaḥ paścātsa uttamaḥ.

29. caturvidhāḥ bhikṣavaḥ te kuṭīcaraḥ kṛtodakaḥ
haṃsaḥ paramahaṃsaḥ ca yaḥ yaḥ paścāt saḥ uttamaḥ

29. te bhikṣavaḥ caturvidhāḥ: kuṭīcaraḥ,
kṛtodakaḥ,
haṃsaḥ ca paramahaṃsaḥ.
yaḥ yaḥ paścāt,
saḥ uttamaḥ.

29. Those mendicants are of four kinds: Kuṭīcara, Kṛtodaka, Haṃsa, and Paramahaṃsa. Each subsequent type is superior to the preceding one.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds (of four kinds/types)

• भिक्षवः (bhikṣavaḥ) - mendicants, renunciants (mendicants, beggars, renunciants)

• ते (te) - those (mendicants) (those (masculine nominative plural))

• कुटीचरः (kuṭīcaraḥ) - Kuṭīcara (a type of mendicant) (hut-dweller (a type of ascetic))

• कृतोदकः (kṛtodakaḥ) - Kṛtodaka (a type of mendicant) (one who has done water rites; a type of ascetic)

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - Haṃsa (a type of mendicant) (swan, goose; a type of ascetic)

• परमहंसः (paramahaṁsaḥ) - Paramahaṃsa (the highest type of mendicant) (supreme swan; the highest type of ascetic)

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - whichever (referring to the types of mendicants) (who, whoever)

• यः (yaḥ) - whichever (referring to the types of mendicants) (who, whoever)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - subsequently, later (in the list) (behind, afterwards, later, subsequently)

• सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - superior (best, highest, superior)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds (of four kinds/types)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold

Compound of catur (four) and vidha (kind/type)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'bhikṣavaḥ'.

भिक्षवः (bhikṣavaḥ) - mendicants, renunciants (mendicants, beggars, renunciants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhikṣu

bhikṣu - mendicant, beggar, renunciant, ascetic (especially a Buddhist or Jain monk)

agent noun

Derived from √bhikṣ (to beg)

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

ते (te) - those (mendicants) (those (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mendicants.

कुटीचरः (kuṭīcaraḥ) - Kuṭīcara (a type of mendicant) (hut-dweller (a type of ascetic))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuṭīcara

kuṭīcara - a hut-dweller, one who lives in a hut (a type of mendicant)

Compound of kuṭī (hut) and cara (moving, dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuṭī+cara)

• kuṭī – hut, cottage, dwelling
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, dwelling (agent noun)
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from √car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

कृतोदकः (kṛtodakaḥ) - Kṛtodaka (a type of mendicant) (one who has done water rites; a type of ascetic)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtodaka

kṛtodaka - one who has performed water rituals; a type of mendicant/ascetic

Compound of kṛta (done) and udaka (water); refers to a specific class of renunciants.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+udaka)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - Haṃsa (a type of mendicant) (swan, goose; a type of ascetic)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose; a high-ranking ascetic, a spiritually advanced person

परमहंसः (paramahaṁsaḥ) - Paramahaṃsa (the highest type of mendicant) (supreme swan; the highest type of ascetic)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramahaṃsa

paramahaṁsa - supreme swan; the highest class of mendicant or ascetic, a fully liberated person

Compound of parama (supreme) and haṃsa (swan, ascetic)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+haṃsa)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• haṃsa – swan, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - whichever (referring to the types of mendicants) (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Used in a distributive sense 'whichever... that one'.

यः (yaḥ) - whichever (referring to the types of mendicants) (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Used in a distributive sense 'whichever... that one'.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - subsequently, later (in the list) (behind, afterwards, later, subsequently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time/order.

सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - superior (best, highest, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, chief, excellent, superior

Superlative of ud (up/out)

Note: Predicate adjective.