महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-129, verse-28

एष मोक्षविदां धर्मो वेदोक्तः सत्पथः सताम् ।
यो मार्गमनुयातीमं पदं तस्य न विद्यते ॥२८॥

28. eṣa mokṣavidāṁ dharmo vedoktaḥ satpathaḥ satām ,
yo mārgamanuyātīmaṁ padaṁ tasya na vidyate.

28. eṣaḥ mokṣavidām dharmaḥ veda uktaḥ satpathaḥ satām
yaḥ mārgam anuyāti imam padam tasya na vidyate

28. eṣaḥ mokṣavidām dharmaḥ,
satām veda uktaḥ satpathaḥ.
yaḥ imam mārgam anuyāti,
tasya padam na vidyate.

28. This is the constitution (dharma) for those who understand liberation (mokṣa), the true path of the virtuous, declared in the Vedas. Whoever follows this path finds for himself no fixed state.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (path/principle) (this (masculine nominative singular))

• मोक्षविदाम् (mokṣavidām) - of those who know liberation (mokṣa) (of those who know liberation)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - constitution, intrinsic nature, fundamental principle (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)

• वेद (veda) - Veda (ancient Hindu scriptures) (Veda, sacred knowledge, scripture)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - declared (said, spoken, declared)

• सत्पथः (satpathaḥ) - the true path (true path, path of the good/virtuous)

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever (masculine nominative singular))

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road, way)

• अनुयाति (anuyāti) - follows (he follows, pursues, walks after)

• इमम् (imam) - this (path) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• पदम् (padam) - fixed state (step, foot, place, state, position)

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, for him (genitive singular))

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found (exists, is found, is)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (path/principle) (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'dharma' or path being described.

मोक्षविदाम् (mokṣavidām) - of those who know liberation (mokṣa) (of those who know liberation)

(noun)

Genitive, plural of mokṣavid

mokṣavid - one who knows liberation

Compound of mokṣa (liberation) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mokṣa+vid)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, emancipation
  noun (masculine)
  verbal derivative noun
  Derived from √muc (to free, release)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• vid – knower, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  nominal derivative from verb root
  Derived from √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to those knowledgeable about mokṣa.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - constitution, intrinsic nature, fundamental principle (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom

Derived from √dhṛ (to support, uphold)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: The subject of the first clause.

वेद (veda) - Veda (ancient Hindu scriptures) (Veda, sacred knowledge, scripture)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, a Veda (specific collection of hymns/texts), scripture

Derived from √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Forms the first part of the compound 'vedauktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - declared (said, spoken, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vac (to speak), irregular past participle

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'vedauktaḥ', modifying 'dharmaḥ' and 'satpathaḥ'.

सत्पथः (satpathaḥ) - the true path (true path, path of the good/virtuous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satpatha

satpatha - true path, good path, path of the good

Compound of sat (good, true, virtuous) and patha (path)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sat+patha)

• sat – existent, good, true, virtuous
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from √as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appears as a predicate nominative along with 'dharmaḥ'.

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - existent, real, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

Derived from √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'pathaḥ' (the path of the good).

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the person who follows the path.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path (path, road, way)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course, track

Derived from √mṛj (to wipe, clean), meaning 'a cleared path'

Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Object of 'anuyāti'.

अनुयाति (anuyāti) - follows (he follows, pursues, walks after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuyā

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular present active of √yā (to go) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'yaḥ'.

इमम् (imam) - this (path) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'mārgam'.

पदम् (padam) - fixed state (step, foot, place, state, position)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, pace, track, mark, place, abode, state, position, station

Note: Subject of 'na vidyate'.

तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, for him (genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ' (whoever).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular present middle of √vid (class 4, 'to exist')

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The main verb for the second clause.