महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-9

द्विविधौ चाप्युभावेतौ धर्माधर्मौ विजानताम् ।
अप्रवृत्तिः प्रवृत्तिश्च द्वैविध्यं लोकवेदयोः ॥९॥

9. dvividhau cāpyubhāvetau dharmādharmau vijānatām ,
apravṛttiḥ pravṛttiśca dvaividhyaṁ lokavedayoḥ.

9. dvividhau ca api ubhau etau dharmādharmau vijānatām
apravṛttiḥ pravṛttiḥ ca dvaividhyam lokavedayoḥ

9. vijānatām etau ubhau dharmādharmau ca api dvividhau (staḥ)
apravṛttiḥ pravṛttiḥ ca (iti) lokavedayoḥ dvaividhyam (asti)

9. Both natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma) are understood by the discerning as being of two kinds. This duality, namely non-action and action, is characteristic of both worldly affairs and Vedic injunctions.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विविधौ (dvividhau) - referring to dharma and adharma being of two natures (of two kinds, twofold)

• च (ca) - connects 'dvividhau' with 'ubhau' and 'etau' implicitly (and)

• अपि (api) - emphasizes that both are included (also, even, too)

• उभौ (ubhau) - referring to `dharmādharmau` (both)

• एतौ (etau) - refers to `dharmādharmau` (these two)

• धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - the concepts of natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma) (natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma))

• विजानताम् (vijānatām) - by those who possess discernment or wisdom (of the knowing ones, by the discerning)

• अप्रवृत्तिः (apravṛttiḥ) - abstention from action (non-action, non-inclination, cessation)

• प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - engagement in actions (action, activity, inclination)

• च (ca) - connects 'apravṛttiḥ' and 'pravṛttiḥ' (and)

• द्वैविध्यम् (dvaividhyam) - the state of being twofold, referring to non-action and action (twofold nature, duality, two kinds)

• लोकवेदयोः (lokavedayoḥ) - in the context of both secular life and religious scriptures (of the world and the Vedas, of worldly and Vedic matters)

Words meanings and morphology

द्विविधौ (dvividhau) - referring to dharma and adharma being of two natures (of two kinds, twofold)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dvividha

dvividha - of two kinds, twofold, bipartite

From 'dvi' (two) + 'vidha' (kind, sort)

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+vidha)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun
  Often forms adjectives when combined with numerals, e.g., 'bahuvidha' (many kinds).

च (ca) - connects 'dvividhau' with 'ubhau' and 'etau' implicitly (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अपि (api) - emphasizes that both are included (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

उभौ (ubhau) - referring to `dharmādharmau` (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Pronominal stem

एतौ (etau) - refers to `dharmādharmau` (these two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun stem

Note: Agrees with `dharmādharmau`.

धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - the concepts of natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma) (natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmādharma

dharmādharma - natural law and unrighteousness, good and evil

Dvandva compound of 'dharma' and 'adharma'

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• adharma – unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice (adharma)
  noun (masculine)
  'a-' (negation) + 'dharma'

Note: Subject.

विजानताम् (vijānatām) - by those who possess discernment or wisdom (of the knowing ones, by the discerning)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, discerning, wise, intelligent

Present Active Participle

From 'vi-' + root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix '-at'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Implies 'in the opinion of' or 'according to'.

अप्रवृत्तिः (apravṛttiḥ) - abstention from action (non-action, non-inclination, cessation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apravṛtti

apravṛtti - non-activity, non-inclination, cessation, abstention from action

'a-' (negation) + 'pravṛtti' (activity)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pravṛtti)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pravṛtti – activity, action, inclination, manifestation
  noun (feminine)
  From 'pra-' + root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) + suffix '-ti'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject.

प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) - engagement in actions (action, activity, inclination)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, action, inclination, manifestation, engagement

From 'pra-' + root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) + suffix '-ti'

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - connects 'apravṛttiḥ' and 'pravṛttiḥ' (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

द्वैविध्यम् (dvaividhyam) - the state of being twofold, referring to non-action and action (twofold nature, duality, two kinds)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvaividhya

dvaividhya - twofold nature, duality, difference of two kinds

From 'dvividha' (of two kinds) + suffix '-ya' (abstract noun)

Note: Predicate nominative.

लोकवेदयोः (lokavedayoḥ) - in the context of both secular life and religious scriptures (of the world and the Vedas, of worldly and Vedic matters)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of lokaveda

lokaveda - world and Vedas, secular and sacred knowledge

Dvandva compound of 'loka' and 'veda'

Compound type : dvandva (loka+veda)

• loka – world, people, realm, ordinary life
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'lok' (to see)
  Root: lok (class 10)
• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas (Veda)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)