महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-33

यथा खदिरमालम्ब्य शिलां वाप्यर्णवं तरन् ।
मज्जते मज्जते तद्वद्दाता यश्च प्रतीच्छकः ॥३३॥

33. yathā khadiramālambya śilāṁ vāpyarṇavaṁ taran ,
majjate majjate tadvaddātā yaśca pratīcchakaḥ.

33. yathā khadiram ālambya śilām vā api arṇavam taran
majjate majjate tat vat dātā yaḥ ca pratīcchakaḥ

33. yathā arṇavam taran khadiram vā api śilām ālambya
majjate tadvat yaḥ dātā ca pratīcchakaḥ (tau) majjate

33. Just as one attempting to cross the ocean sinks by relying on a piece of acacia wood or even a stone, similarly both the giver and the receiver (of an improper gift) sink.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, introducing a simile (just as, as, like)

• खदिरम् (khadiram) - a piece of acacia wood (implied: for support in water) (acacia wood, the acacia tree)

• आलम्ब्य (ālambya) - by relying on or clinging to (something for support) (having relied on, having grasped, by holding)

• शिलाम् (śilām) - a stone (implied: as a means of crossing water) (stone, rock)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even, emphasizing the unsuitability of a stone for floating (even, also, too)

• अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - the vast ocean (ocean, sea)

• तरन् (taran) - a person attempting to cross (the ocean) (crossing, swimming, overcoming)

• मज्जते (majjate) - (he) sinks (into the water) (sinks, dives, plunges)

• मज्जते (majjate) - (they both) sink (into misfortune) (sinks, dives, plunges)

• तत् (tat) - such (a way), therefore (that, it, such)

• वत् (vat) - like, in the same way (like, as, similar to)

• दाता (dātā) - the person who gives (dāna) (giver, donor)

• यः (yaḥ) - a person who (is the giver or receiver) (who, which, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रतीच्छकः (pratīcchakaḥ) - the person who accepts (dāna) (receiver, acceptor)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, introducing a simile (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'tadvat'.

खदिरम् (khadiram) - a piece of acacia wood (implied: for support in water) (acacia wood, the acacia tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khadira

khadira - acacia catechu (a tree); acacia wood

Note: Object of 'ālambya'.

आलम्ब्य (ālambya) - by relying on or clinging to (something for support) (having relied on, having grasped, by holding)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root lamb (to hang, to cling) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: lamb (class 1)

शिलाम् (śilām) - a stone (implied: as a means of crossing water) (stone, rock)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - stone, rock, slab

Note: Object of 'ālambya'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, emphasizing the unsuitability of a stone for floating (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - the vast ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, flood

Note: Object of 'taran'.

तरन् (taran) - a person attempting to cross (the ocean) (crossing, swimming, overcoming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarat

tarat - crossing, swimming, overcoming

Present Active Participle

From root tṛ (to cross)

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'majjate'.

मज्जते (majjate) - (he) sinks (into the water) (sinks, dives, plunges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of majj

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Refers to the person trying to cross the ocean.

मज्जते (majjate) - (they both) sink (into misfortune) (sinks, dives, plunges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of majj

Present Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Refers to both the giver and receiver.

तत् (tat) - such (a way), therefore (that, it, such)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Forms part of 'tadvat'.

वत् (vat) - like, in the same way (like, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

suffix added to nouns to form adverbs of comparison

Note: Forms part of 'tadvat' (thus, in that manner).

दाता (dātā) - the person who gives (dāna) (giver, donor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

Agent noun

from root dā (to give) with suffix -tṛ

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject.

यः (yaḥ) - a person who (is the giver or receiver) (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to both dātā and pratīcchaka.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two nouns.

प्रतीच्छकः (pratīcchakaḥ) - the person who accepts (dāna) (receiver, acceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīcchaka

pratīcchaka - receiver, acceptor

Agent noun

from root iṣ (to wish) or icch (to wish) with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject.