महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-7

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः क्षमेज्या धर्मलक्षणम् ॥७॥

7. adattasyānupādānaṁ dānamadhyayanaṁ tapaḥ ,
ahiṁsā satyamakrodhaḥ kṣamejyā dharmalakṣaṇam.

7. adattasya anupādānam dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhaḥ kṣamā ijyā dharmalakṣaṇam

7. adattasya anupādānam,
dānam,
adhyayanam,
tapaḥ,
ahiṃsā,
satyam,
akrodhaḥ,
kṣamā,
ijyā (ca) dharmalakṣaṇam (bhavanti)

7. Not taking what is not given, charity (dāna), study, austerity (tapas), non-violence (ahiṃsā), truthfulness, absence of anger, forgiveness, and worship – these are the defining characteristics of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अदत्तस्य (adattasya) - of that which has not been given (to one) (of what is not given, of not given)

• अनुपादानम् (anupādānam) - refraining from taking something not rightfully offered (non-taking, non-acceptance)

• दानम् (dānam) - the act of giving or offering (giving, charity, donation)

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - religious study, scriptural learning (study, learning, recitation)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practices, severe self-discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - the principle of not harming any living being (ahiṃsā) (non-violence, non-injury)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - adherence to truth, honesty (truth, truthfulness)

• अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - freedom from wrath (absence of anger, non-anger)

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - the quality of patience and forgiveness (forgiveness, patience, endurance)

• इज्या (ijyā) - religious rituals, veneration (worship, sacrifice, offering)

• धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - features that define natural law (dharma) (characteristic of dharma, definition of dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

अदत्तस्य (adattasya) - of that which has not been given (to one) (of what is not given, of not given)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of adatta

adatta - not given, not offered, ungranted

Past Passive Participle

From 'a-' (negation) + root 'dā' (to give) + suffix '-ta' (PPC)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+datta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• datta – given, offered, granted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'dā' (to give) + suffix '-ta'
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: It refers to 'of something not given'.

अनुपादानम् (anupādānam) - refraining from taking something not rightfully offered (non-taking, non-acceptance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anupādāna

anupādāna - not taking, non-acceptance, abstention from taking

'anu-' (after/with) + 'upā-' (towards) + root 'dā' (to give/take - here in nominal form) + suffix '-ana' (forming a noun)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+upādāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• upādāna – taking, seizing, acquisition, material cause
  noun (neuter)
  From 'upa-' + root 'dā' (to take/seize) + suffix '-ana'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a subject here.

दानम् (dānam) - the act of giving or offering (giving, charity, donation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, donation, gift, liberality, charity (dāna)

From root 'dā' (to give) + suffix '-ana'

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - religious study, scriptural learning (study, learning, recitation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, recitation (especially of Vedas)

From 'adhi-' + root 'i' (to go) + suffix '-ana'

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practices, severe self-discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth; austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, self-restraint (tapas)

From root 'tap' (to heat, to burn)

Root: tap (class 1)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - the principle of not harming any living being (ahiṃsā) (non-violence, non-injury)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness (ahiṃsā)

'a-' (negation) + 'hiṃsā' (violence, injury)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hiṃsā – injury, violence, harm
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'hiṃs' (to injure)
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

सत्यम् (satyam) - adherence to truth, honesty (truth, truthfulness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, genuineness; true, real

From 'sat' (being, existing, present participle of 'as' 'to be')

Root: as (class 2)

अक्रोधः (akrodhaḥ) - freedom from wrath (absence of anger, non-anger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akrodha

akrodha - freedom from anger, absence of wrath

'a-' (negation) + 'krodha' (anger)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+krodha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• krodha – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'krudh' (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

क्षमा (kṣamā) - the quality of patience and forgiveness (forgiveness, patience, endurance)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - patience, forbearance, forgiveness, endurance

From root 'kṣam' (to be patient, to endure)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Part of a compound or list, but here it's clearly a separate word `kṣamā`.

इज्या (ijyā) - religious rituals, veneration (worship, sacrifice, offering)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ijyā

ijyā - worship, sacrifice, offering, adoration

From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, to worship) + suffix '-yā'

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Appears after `kṣamā` due to sandhi `kṣamā + ijyā → kṣamejyā`.

धर्मलक्षणम् (dharmalakṣaṇam) - features that define natural law (dharma) (characteristic of dharma, definition of dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmalakṣaṇa

dharmalakṣaṇa - characteristic of dharma, sign of dharma, definition of natural law

Compound of 'dharma' and 'lakṣaṇa'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+lakṣaṇa)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, mark)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Predicate nominative, 'these are...'