महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-32

असम्यक्चैव यद्दत्तमसम्यक्च प्रतिग्रहः ।
उभयोः स्यादनर्थाय दातुरादातुरेव च ॥३२॥

32. asamyakcaiva yaddattamasamyakca pratigrahaḥ ,
ubhayoḥ syādanarthāya dāturādātureva ca.

32. asamyak ca eva yat dattam asamyak ca pratigrahaḥ
ubhayyoḥ syāt anarthāya dātuḥ ādātuḥ eva ca

32. yat dattam asamyak eva ca (asti) ca pratigrahaḥ asamyak
(asti) tat dātuḥ eva ca ādātuḥ ubhayoḥ anarthāya syāt

32. That which is given improperly, and that which is accepted improperly—it would lead to misfortune for both the giver and the receiver.

Words meanings summery:

• असम्यक् (asamyak) - improperly or defectively (referring to the act of giving or receiving) (improperly, incorrectly, not well)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the point (indeed, only, just, quite)

• यत् (yat) - that which (is given) (which, what, that (referring to a gift))

• दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift that is given (given, presented, donated)

• असम्यक् (asamyak) - improperly or defectively (referring to the act of giving or receiving) (improperly, incorrectly, not well)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - the act of accepting a gift (acceptance, reception of a gift)

• उभय्योः (ubhayyoḥ) - for both the giver and the receiver (of both, for both)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would result in, would lead to (may be, let it be, would be)

• अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - leading to negative consequences or misfortune (for misfortune, for evil, for trouble)

• दातुः (dātuḥ) - for the person who gives (dāna) (of the giver, for the giver)

• आदातुः (ādātuḥ) - for the person who accepts (dāna) (of the receiver, for the receiver)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the point (indeed, only, just, quite)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

असम्यक् (asamyak) - improperly or defectively (referring to the act of giving or receiving) (improperly, incorrectly, not well)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sam+añc)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• samyak – properly, rightly, completely
  indeclinable
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the point (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that which (is given) (which, what, that (referring to a gift))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to 'dānam' (gift), implied neuter singular.

दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift that is given (given, presented, donated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a substantive (the thing given)

असम्यक् (asamyak) - improperly or defectively (referring to the act of giving or receiving) (improperly, incorrectly, not well)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sam+añc)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• samyak – properly, rightly, completely
  indeclinable
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - the act of accepting a gift (acceptance, reception of a gift)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigraha

pratigraha - acceptance, reception, taking a gift

from prefix prati and root grah

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

उभय्योः (ubhayyoḥ) - for both the giver and the receiver (of both, for both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Can also be dative/ablative dual. Here dative sense "for both".

स्यात् (syāt) - would result in, would lead to (may be, let it be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

third person singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Potential mood.

अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - leading to negative consequences or misfortune (for misfortune, for evil, for trouble)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, trouble, uselessness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, good, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dative of purpose.

दातुः (dātuḥ) - for the person who gives (dāna) (of the giver, for the giver)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor

Agent noun

from root dā (to give) with suffix -tṛ

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Can be genitive or ablative. Here used with dative sense (for the giver).

आदातुः (ādātuḥ) - for the person who accepts (dāna) (of the receiver, for the receiver)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ādātṛ

ādātṛ - receiver, acceptor

Agent noun

from root dā (to give) with prefix ā and suffix -tṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Can be genitive or ablative. Here used with dative sense (for the receiver).

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the point (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)