महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-17

अभक्ष्या ब्राह्मणैर्मत्स्याः शकलैर्ये विवर्जिताः ।
चतुष्पात्कच्छपादन्यो मण्डूका जलजाश्च ये ॥१७॥

17. abhakṣyā brāhmaṇairmatsyāḥ śakalairye vivarjitāḥ ,
catuṣpātkacchapādanyo maṇḍūkā jalajāśca ye.

17. abhakṣyāḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ matsyāḥ śakalaiḥ ye vivarjitāḥ
catuṣpāt kacchapāt anyaḥ maṇḍūkāḥ jalajāḥ ca ye

17. ye matsyāḥ śakalaiḥ vivarjitāḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ abhakṣyāḥ
ca kacchapāt anyaḥ catuṣpāt ca ye maṇḍūkāḥ jalajāḥ

17. Fish that lack scales are unfit for consumption by Brahmins. Also prohibited are any four-footed animals, except for tortoises, and any aquatic creatures like frogs.

Words meanings summery:

• अभक्ष्याः (abhakṣyāḥ) - unfit for consumption (inedible, not to be eaten)

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins

• मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

• शकलैः (śakalaiḥ) - by scales (by scales, by splinters)

• ये (ye) - which (referring to fish) (those who, which)

• विवर्जिताः (vivarjitāḥ) - devoid of (abandoned, avoided, deprived of, devoid of)

• चतुष्पात् (catuṣpāt) - four-footed animal (four-footed, quadruped)

• कच्छपात् (kacchapāt) - from a tortoise / other than a tortoise (from a tortoise)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other than (other, different)

• मण्डूकाः (maṇḍūkāḥ) - frogs

• जलजाः (jalajāḥ) - aquatic creatures (aquatic, born in water, water-born)

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - those (those who, which)

Words meanings and morphology

अभक्ष्याः (abhakṣyāḥ) - unfit for consumption (inedible, not to be eaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhakṣya

abhakṣya - not to be eaten, inedible, improper food

Gerundive

Negative particle a- + bhakṣya (to be eaten). From root bhakṣ (to eat)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhakṣya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bhakṣya – edible, to be eaten
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root bhakṣ (to eat) + yaṭ suffix
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative use.

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Note: Agent of the prohibition.

मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish

शकलैः (śakalaiḥ) - by scales (by scales, by splinters)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śakala

śakala - scale (of a fish), splinter, fragment

Note: Used with vivarjitāḥ to mean 'devoid of'.

ये (ye) - which (referring to fish) (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

विवर्जिताः (vivarjitāḥ) - devoid of (abandoned, avoided, deprived of, devoid of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivarjita

vivarjita - abandoned, avoided, excluded, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛj with upasarga vi + nominal suffix ita

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Often used with instrumental to denote 'devoid of X'.

चतुष्पात् (catuṣpāt) - four-footed animal (four-footed, quadruped)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of catuṣpād

catuṣpād - four-footed, quadruped (animal)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+pād)

• catur – four
  numeral
• pād – foot, quarter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here used as a collective noun.

कच्छपात् (kacchapāt) - from a tortoise / other than a tortoise (from a tortoise)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kacchapa

kacchapa - tortoise, turtle

Note: Used with anyaḥ (other than).

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other than (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

मण्डूकाः (maṇḍūkāḥ) - frogs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maṇḍūka

maṇḍūka - frog

जलजाः (jalajāḥ) - aquatic creatures (aquatic, born in water, water-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalaja

jalaja - born in water, aquatic (creature/plant)

Compound: jala (water) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+ja)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) + a suffix
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used as a noun referring to aquatic animals in general, alongside frogs.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - those (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun introducing the list of frogs and aquatic creatures.