महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-29

न दद्याद्यशसे दानं न भयान्नोपकारिणे ।
न नृत्तगीतशीलेषु हासकेषु च धार्मिकः ॥२९॥

29. na dadyādyaśase dānaṁ na bhayānnopakāriṇe ,
na nṛttagītaśīleṣu hāsakeṣu ca dhārmikaḥ.

29. na dadyāt yaśase dānam na bhayāt na upakāriṇe
na nṛttagītaśīleṣu hāsakeṣu ca dhārmikaḥ

29. dhārmikaḥ dānam yaśase na dadyāt,
bhayāt na (dadyāt),
upakāriṇe na (dadyāt),
nṛttagītaśīleṣu ca hāsakeṣu na (dadyāt)

29. A righteous person (dhārmika) should not give a gift (dāna) for fame, nor out of fear, nor to a benefactor. Nor should he give to those inclined to dance and song, or to jesters.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

• यशसे (yaśase) - for fame, for glory, for reputation

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

• न (na) - not, nor

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• न (na) - not, nor

• उपकारिणे (upakāriṇe) - to a benefactor, to one who renders service

• न (na) - not, nor

• नृत्तगीतशीलेषु (nṛttagītaśīleṣu) - to those devoted to dance and song

• हासकेषु (hāsakeṣu) - to jesters, to those who provoke laughter

• च (ca) - and

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who acts according to natural law (dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative Active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root dā.

Root: dā (class 3)

यशसे (yaśase) - for fame, for glory, for reputation

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, reputation

Root: yaś (class 1)

दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, giving, charity

From root dā (to give) + ana suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

उपकारिणे (upakāriṇe) - to a benefactor, to one who renders service

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of upakārin

upakārin - benefactor, one who helps, serviceable

From upa- (near, to) + kṛ (to do) + -in suffix. Denotes an agent.

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Recipient of the gift.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

नृत्तगीतशीलेषु (nṛttagītaśīleṣu) - to those devoted to dance and song

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nṛttagītaśīla

nṛttagītaśīla - fond of or engaged in dancing and singing

Bahuvrihi compound: 'he whose nature (śīla) is dance (nṛtta) and song (gīta)'. Nṛtta (dance) and gīta (song) are combined as dvandva, then compounded with śīla.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nṛtta+gīta+śīla)

• nṛtta – dance, dancing
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nṛt (to dance).
  Root: nṛt (class 4)
• gīta – song, singing
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gai (to sing).
  Root: gai (class 1)
• śīla – character, habit, disposition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Indicates recipients.

हासकेषु (hāsakeṣu) - to jesters, to those who provoke laughter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of hāsaka

hāsaka - jester, laugher, one who causes laughter

From root has (to laugh) + aka suffix (agent).

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Indicates recipients.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who acts according to natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, pious, one who follows natural law (dharma)

Formed from dharma (natural law) + ika suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied subject of the verb 'dadyāt'.