महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-43

एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं यथा वृत्तं युधिष्ठिर ।
समासेन महद्ध्येतच्छ्रोतव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥४३॥

43. etatte kathitaṁ sarvaṁ yathā vṛttaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
samāsena mahaddhyetacchrotavyaṁ bharatarṣabha.

43. etat te kathitam sarvam yathā vṛttam yudhiṣṭhira
samāsena mahat hi etat śrotavyam bharatarṣabha

43. yudhiṣṭhira bharatarṣabha etat sarvam yathā vṛttam
te kathitam etat mahat hi samāsena śrotavyam

43. O Yudhiṣṭhira, O best of Bharatas, all this that has transpired has been related to you. This great subject, though summarized, should indeed be heard.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter/subject) (this, this one)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, by you, for you)

• कथितम् (kathitam) - has been related (told, narrated, spoken)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (this) (all, whole, entire)

• यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, according to)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - transpired, occurred (happened, occurred, transpired, conduct, event)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

• समासेन (samāsena) - in brief, though summarized (in brief, concisely, by means of a compound)

• महत् (mahat) - great (subject/matter) (great, large, important)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• एतत् (etat) - this (subject) (this, this one)

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible, suitable for hearing)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (matter/subject) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Often functions as an adjective in context.

ते (te) - to you (to you, by you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun.

कथितम् (kathitam) - has been related (told, narrated, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - told, narrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kath (to tell) with suffix -ta.

Root: kath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'etat' (this).

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (this) (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'etat' and 'kathitam'.

यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - transpired, occurred (happened, occurred, transpired, conduct, event)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, conduct, circle

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛt (to turn, to exist) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject, the events.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira ('firm in battle'), eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

समासेन (samāsena) - in brief, though summarized (in brief, concisely, by means of a compound)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samāsa

samāsa - summary, compound, collection

From sam-as (to put together).

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 4)

महत् (mahat) - great (subject/matter) (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Present Active Participle

Derived from √mah (to be great) or √mā (to measure).

Note: Refers to the 'subject' or 'matter' being discussed.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

एतत् (etat) - this (subject) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the subject that should be heard.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible, suitable for hearing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, audible

Gerundive

Derived from √śru (to hear) with suffix -tavya.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Implies obligation or recommendation.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.