महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-4

सिद्धास्तपोव्रतपराः समागम्य पुरा विभुम् ।
धर्मं पप्रच्छुरासीनमादिकाले प्रजापतिम् ॥४॥

4. siddhāstapovrataparāḥ samāgamya purā vibhum ,
dharmaṁ papracchurāsīnamādikāle prajāpatim.

4. siddhāḥ tapo-vrata-parāḥ samāgamya purā vibhum
dharmam papracchuḥ āsīnam ādikāle prajāpatim

4. purā ādikāle tapo-vrata-parāḥ siddhāḥ āsīnam
vibhum prajāpatim samāgamya dharmam papracchuḥ

4. Long ago, the perfected ones (siddhas), devoted to austerities (tapas) and vows, having approached the powerful Prajāpati, who was seated at the beginning of time, questioned him about natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - the perfected ones, the siddhas

• तपो-व्रत-पराः (tapo-vrata-parāḥ) - devoted to austerities and vows

• समागम्य (samāgamya) - having approached, having assembled

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, long ago, in olden times

• विभुम् (vibhum) - the powerful one, the lord, the all-pervading

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty

• पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - they asked

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

• आदिकाले (ādikāle) - in the beginning of time

• प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - Prajāpati, the progenitor

Words meanings and morphology

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - the perfected ones, the siddhas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - perfected, accomplished, fulfilled; a perfected being, a semi-divine sage (siddha)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sidh' (to succeed, to accomplish) and used as a noun.

Root: sidh (class 4)

तपो-व्रत-पराः (tapo-vrata-parāḥ) - devoted to austerities and vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapo-vrata-para

tapo-vrata-para - one devoted to penance (tapas) and vows; zealous in ascetic practices and observances

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (tapas+vrata+para)

• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas), heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
• para – supreme, ultimate, other, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

समागम्य (samāgamya) - having approached, having assembled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā', forming an absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, long ago, in olden times

(indeclinable)

विभुम् (vibhum) - the powerful one, the lord, the all-pervading

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, mighty, powerful, lord, sovereign

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पप्रच्छुः (papracchuḥ) - they asked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect Tense (Lit La-kāra)

Root 'prach' (to ask) in the 3rd person plural, active voice of the perfect tense.

Root: prach (class 6)

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting, established

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'ās' (to sit) as a present active participle.

Root: ās (class 2)

आदिकाले (ādikāle) - in the beginning of time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādikāla

ādikāla - the beginning of time, primeval age

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ādi+kāla)

• ādi – beginning, first, primordial
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, death
  noun (masculine)

प्रजापतिम् (prajāpatim) - Prajāpati, the progenitor

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - progenitor, creator, lord of creatures, Prajāpati (a specific deity)