महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तो भगवता धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
चिन्तयित्वा मुहूर्तं तु प्रत्युवाच तपोधनम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamukto bhagavatā dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
cintayitvā muhūrtaṁ tu pratyuvāca tapodhanam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | evam uktaḥ bhagavatā dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | cintayitvā muhūrtam tu pratyuvāca tapodhanam

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca bhagavatā evam uktaḥ dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tu muhūrtam cintayitvā tapodhanam pratyuvāca

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Thus addressed by the venerable one, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma), having reflected for a moment, replied to the ascetic (tapasvin).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, addressed, said)

• भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the venerable one (referring to Vyāsa) (by the divine one, by the blessed one, by the venerable one)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of righteousness (dharma) (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper noun)

• चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having thought, having reflected

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a moment

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - to the ascetic (tapasvin), referring to Vyāsa (to the ascetic, to the one whose wealth is penance)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, addressed, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the venerable one (referring to Vyāsa) (by the divine one, by the blessed one, by the venerable one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, blessed, divine, glorious; Lord, God

From 'bhaga' (fortune, prosperity) + possessive suffix '-vat'.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of righteousness (dharma) (king of righteousness, king of dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of dharma, ruler of justice (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having thought, having reflected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive form of the root 'cint' (to think, consider).

Root: cint (class 10)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a moment, for a moment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time; a specific division of time (48 minutes)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

तपोधनम् (tapodhanam) - to the ascetic (tapasvin), referring to Vyāsa (to the ascetic, to the one whose wealth is penance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is penance, ascetic, sage

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – heat, austerity, penance, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, treasure
  noun (neuter)