महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-8

य एव धर्मः सोऽधर्मोऽदेशेऽकाले प्रतिष्ठितः ।
आदानमनृतं हिंसा धर्मो व्यावस्थिकः स्मृतः ॥८॥

8. ya eva dharmaḥ so'dharmo'deśe'kāle pratiṣṭhitaḥ ,
ādānamanṛtaṁ hiṁsā dharmo vyāvasthikaḥ smṛtaḥ.

8. yaḥ eva dharmaḥ saḥ adharmaḥ adeśe akāle pratiṣṭhitaḥ
ādānam anṛtam hiṃsā dharmaḥ vyāvasthikaḥ smṛtaḥ

8. yaḥ eva dharmaḥ adeśe akāle
pratiṣṭhitaḥ saḥ adharmaḥ (bhavati)
ādānam anṛtam hiṃsā (ca)
vyāvasthikaḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ (asti)

8. Indeed, that very natural law (dharma) which is established in an unsuitable place or at an inappropriate time becomes unrighteousness (adharma). Taking (what is not one's own), falsehood, and violence are remembered as circumstantial or exceptional natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that which (referring to dharma) (who, which, whoever)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word "dharma" (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a specific rule or principle of natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

• सः (saḥ) - refers back to "dharmaḥ" from the previous word (he, that, that one)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - that which is contrary to natural law (dharma) (unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice (adharma))

• अदेशे (adeśe) - in an unsuitable location or context (in an improper place, in a wrong place)

• अकाले (akāle) - at an unsuitable or untimely moment (at an improper time, at the wrong time)

• प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - firmly placed or enacted (established, founded, situated)

• आदानम् (ādānam) - taking what is not rightfully one's own (e.g., theft) (taking, seizing, acquisition)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - speaking what is not true (falsehood, untruth)

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - physical or mental harm to others (violence, injury, harm)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) as it applies circumstantially (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

• व्यावस्थिकः (vyāvasthikaḥ) - natural law (dharma) that varies by circumstance, or an exception to general natural law (dharma) (situational, circumstantial, provisional)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - understood or traditionally declared to be (remembered, known, traditionally taught)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that which (referring to dharma) (who, which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whoever

Demonstrative/relative pronoun stem

एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word "dharma" (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Particle

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a specific rule or principle of natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

सः (saḥ) - refers back to "dharmaḥ" from the previous word (he, that, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun stem

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - that which is contrary to natural law (dharma) (unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice (adharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, vice, injustice (adharma)

'a-' (negation) + 'dharma'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

अदेशे (adeśe) - in an unsuitable location or context (in an improper place, in a wrong place)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adeśa

adeśa - improper place, wrong place, unsuitable place

'a-' (negation) + 'deśa' (place)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+deśa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• deśa – place, region, country, spot
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'diś' (to point, indicate)
  Root: diś (class 6)

अकाले (akāle) - at an unsuitable or untimely moment (at an improper time, at the wrong time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of akāla

akāla - improper time, wrong time, untimely

'a-' (negation) + 'kāla' (time)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāla)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kāla – time, period, season, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kal' (to count, compute)
  Root: kal (class 10)

प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - firmly placed or enacted (established, founded, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, founded, standing, situated, resting on

Past Passive Participle

From 'prati-' + root 'sthā' (to stand) + suffix '-ita'

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

आदानम् (ādānam) - taking what is not rightfully one's own (e.g., theft) (taking, seizing, acquisition)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ādāna

ādāna - taking, seizing, acquisition, receiving

From 'ā-' + root 'dā' (to take) + suffix '-ana'

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - speaking what is not true (falsehood, untruth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - falsehood, untruth, lie; untrue, false

'an-' (negation) + 'ṛta' (truth, cosmic order)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix (variant of 'a-' before vowels)
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteousness, sacred law
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'ṛ' (to move, go) or associated with cosmic order.
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject.

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - physical or mental harm to others (violence, injury, harm)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - violence, injury, harm, mischief

From root 'hiṃs' (to injure)

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Subject.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) as it applies circumstantially (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom (dharma)

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for the list of actions.

व्यावस्थिकः (vyāvasthikaḥ) - natural law (dharma) that varies by circumstance, or an exception to general natural law (dharma) (situational, circumstantial, provisional)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāvasthika

vyāvasthika - situational, circumstantial, provisional, particular, exceptional

From 'vyavasthā' (arrangement, regulation) + suffix '-ika'

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - understood or traditionally declared to be (remembered, known, traditionally taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, thought of, taught (in traditional texts)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'smṛ' (to remember) + suffix '-ta'

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively.