महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-39

यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः ।
ब्राह्मणश्चानधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नामधारकाः ॥३९॥

39. yathā dārumayo hastī yathā carmamayo mṛgaḥ ,
brāhmaṇaścānadhīyānastrayaste nāmadhārakāḥ.

39. yathā dārumayaḥ hastī yathā carmamayaḥ mṛgaḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ ca anadhīyānaḥ trayaḥ te nāmadhārakāḥ

39. yathā dārumayaḥ hastī yathā carmamayaḥ mṛgaḥ ca
anadhīyānaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ te trayaḥ nāmadhārakāḥ

39. Just as a wooden elephant and a leather deer are mere representations, so is a brāhmaṇa (brāhmaṇa) who does not study; these three are only bearers of names, lacking true substance.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - Just as (just as, as, according to)

• दारुमयः (dārumayaḥ) - made of wood (made of wood, wooden)

• हस्ती (hastī) - elephant

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• चर्ममयः (carmamayaḥ) - made of leather (made of leather, leathern)

• मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer (deer, animal, game)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (Brahmin, a person belonging to the priestly class)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - who does not study (the Vedas) (not studying, unlearned, unstudied)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - these three (three)

• ते (te) - these (three) (those, they)

• नामधारकाः (nāmadhārakāḥ) - merely bearers of names (bearers of a name, nominal, titular)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - Just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

दारुमयः (dārumayaḥ) - made of wood (made of wood, wooden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dārumaya

dārumaya - made of wood, wooden

Derived from 'dāru' (wood) with the suffix '-maya' (made of).

हस्ती (hastī) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hastin

hastin - elephant

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

चर्ममयः (carmamayaḥ) - made of leather (made of leather, leathern)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carmamaya

carmamaya - made of leather, leathern

Derived from 'carman' (leather) with the suffix '-maya' (made of).

मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer (deer, animal, game)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal

Root: mṛj (class 2)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (Brahmin, a person belonging to the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to or relating to Brahmā or brahman (brahman)

Derived from 'brahman' (brahman).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - who does not study (the Vedas) (not studying, unlearned, unstudied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anadhīyāna

anadhīyāna - not studying, unlearned, not read

Present Active Participle

Compound of 'an' (negation) and 'adhīyāna' (studying). 'adhīyāna' is derived from 'adhi' (prefix) + root 'i' (to go, to study).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+adhīyāna)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• adhīyāna – studying, reading
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from 'adhi' + root 'i' (to go, to study) with 'śānac' suffix.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - these three (three)

(numeral)

ते (te) - these (three) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

नामधारकाः (nāmadhārakāḥ) - merely bearers of names (bearers of a name, nominal, titular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāmadhāraka

nāmadhāraka - bearing a name, titular, nominal

Compound of 'nāman' (name) and 'dhāraka' (bearer).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nāman+dhāraka)

• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)
• dhāraka – bearer, holder, supporter
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to bear, hold) with 'ṇvul' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here as a substantive.