महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-41

ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः ।
यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥४१॥

41. grāmadhānyaṁ yathā śūnyaṁ yathā kūpaśca nirjalaḥ ,
yathā hutamanagnau ca tathaiva syānnirākṛtau.

41. grāmadhānyam yathā śūnyam yathā kūpaḥ ca nirjalaḥ
yathā hutam anagnau ca tathā eva syāt nirākṛtau

41. yathā grāmadhānyam śūnyam yathā kūpaḥ ca nirjalaḥ
ca yathā hutam anagnau tathā eva nirākṛtau syāt

41. Just as stored village grain eventually becomes empty, and a well is without water, and an oblation offered not into fire is useless, so too is a gift given to one who is disregarded (nirākṛta).

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रामधान्यम् (grāmadhānyam) - stored village grain (village grain, grain of the village)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty (empty, void, barren, useless)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• कूपः (kūpaḥ) - a well (well, pit)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निर्जलः (nirjalaḥ) - without water (without water, dry)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• हुतम् (hutam) - an oblation offered (offered, sacrificed, oblation)

• अनग्नौ (anagnau) - not into fire (not in fire, without fire)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - too, indeed (indeed, only, just)

• स्यात् (syāt) - is (useless) (may be, should be, would be)

• निराकृतौ (nirākṛtau) - to one who is disregarded (nirākṛta) (in one who is rejected/dishonored/disregarded)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रामधान्यम् (grāmadhānyam) - stored village grain (village grain, grain of the village)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of grāmadhānya

grāmadhānya - grain belonging to a village, village store of grain

Compound of 'grāma' (village) + 'dhānya' (grain).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (grāma+dhānya)

• grāma – village, community
  noun (masculine)
• dhānya – grain, corn
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'dhā' (to place, to hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty (empty, void, barren, useless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, vacant, useless, non-existent

Derived from root 'śū' (to swell).

Root: śū (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

कूपः (kūpaḥ) - a well (well, pit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit, hole

Root: kup (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

निर्जलः (nirjalaḥ) - without water (without water, dry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirjala

nirjala - waterless, dry, desert

Compound of 'nis' (without) + 'jala' (water).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+jala)

• nis – out, forth, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition indicating 'without' or 'out'.
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kūpaḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

हुतम् (hutam) - an oblation offered (offered, sacrificed, oblation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of huta

huta - offered, sacrificed, an oblation

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hu' (to offer) with 'kta' suffix.

Root: hu (class 3)

अनग्नौ (anagnau) - not into fire (not in fire, without fire)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anagni

anagni - without fire, not fire

Compound of 'an' (negation) + 'agni' (fire).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+agni)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - too, indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

स्यात् (syāt) - is (useless) (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, optative active.

Root: as (class 2)

निराकृतौ (nirākṛtau) - to one who is disregarded (nirākṛta) (in one who is rejected/dishonored/disregarded)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirākṛta

nirākṛta - rejected, disregarded, disrespected, expelled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'nis' (prefix) + 'ā' (prefix) + root 'kṛ' (to do, make). Literally 'one who has been set aside'.

Prefixes: nis+ā

Root: kṛ (class 8)