महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-31

न दुर्जने दौष्कुले वा व्रतैर्वा यो न संस्कृतः ।
अश्रोत्रिये मृतं दानं ब्राह्मणेऽब्रह्मवादिनि ॥३१॥

31. na durjane dauṣkule vā vratairvā yo na saṁskṛtaḥ ,
aśrotriye mṛtaṁ dānaṁ brāhmaṇe'brahmavādini.

31. na durjane dauṣkule vā vṛtaiḥ vā yaḥ na saṃskṛtaḥ
aśrotriye mṛtam dānam brāhmaṇe abrahmavādini

31. dānam mṛtam (syāt) yaḥ durjane vā dauṣkule vā yaḥ vṛtaiḥ
na saṃskṛtaḥ aśrotriye (ca) abrahmavādini brāhmaṇe (ca)

31. A gift (dāna) made to a wicked person, or to one of low lineage, or to one not purified by sacred rites (saṃskāra) or vows, or to one who has not studied the Vedas, or to a Brahmin who does not speak of Brahman, is considered fruitless.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• दुर्जने (durjane) - to a wicked or evil person (recipient of a gift) (to a wicked person, in a bad person)

• दौष्कुले (dauṣkule) - to a person of low or ignoble lineage (to one of low family, in a low family)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• वृतैः (vṛtaiḥ) - by sacred vows or religious observances (by vows, by observances, by sacred practices)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• यः (yaḥ) - a person who (who, which, that)

• न (na) - not, no

• संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - purified or consecrated by sacred rites (saṃskāra) or vows (purified, refined, consecrated)

• अश्रोत्रिये (aśrotriye) - to a person who is not well-versed in the Vedic scriptures (to one who has not studied the Vedas, not learned in the Vedas)

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - futile or unproductive (referring to a gift) (dead, useless, fruitless)

• दानम् (dānam) - a charitable gift (dāna) (gift, donation, giving)

• ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - to a person of the Brahmin caste (priestly class) (to a Brahmin, in a Brahmin)

• अब्रह्मवादिनि (abrahmavādini) - to a Brahmin who does not teach or discuss the sacred truth of Brahman (to one not speaking of Brahman, to one not discussing sacred knowledge)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दुर्जने (durjane) - to a wicked or evil person (recipient of a gift) (to a wicked person, in a bad person)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of durjana

durjana - wicked person, bad man

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+jana)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

दौष्कुले (dauṣkule) - to a person of low or ignoble lineage (to one of low family, in a low family)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of duṣkula

duṣkula - of bad family, low-born

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+kula)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as a substantive here.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

वृतैः (vṛtaiḥ) - by sacred vows or religious observances (by vows, by observances, by sacred practices)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - a person who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - purified or consecrated by sacred rites (saṃskāra) or vows (purified, refined, consecrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - prepared, perfected, purified, refined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies "yaḥ".

अश्रोत्रिये (aśrotriye) - to a person who is not well-versed in the Vedic scriptures (to one who has not studied the Vedas, not learned in the Vedas)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aśrotriya

aśrotriya - one who has not studied the Vedas, not learned in the Vedas

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śrotriya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• śrotriya – one learned in the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  from śruti (Veda) + iya (suffix)
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Acts as a substantive here.

मृतम् (mṛtam) - futile or unproductive (referring to a gift) (dead, useless, fruitless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, lifeless

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies "dānam".

दानम् (dānam) - a charitable gift (dāna) (gift, donation, giving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, act of giving

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - to a person of the Brahmin caste (priestly class) (to a Brahmin, in a Brahmin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Locative of recipient.

अब्रह्मवादिनि (abrahmavādini) - to a Brahmin who does not teach or discuss the sacred truth of Brahman (to one not speaking of Brahman, to one not discussing sacred knowledge)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of abrahmavādin

abrahmavādin - not speaking of Brahman, not discussing sacred knowledge

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+brahman+vādin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• brahman – Brahman, the Absolute, sacred knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• vādin – speaker, expounder, one who says
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from vad
  suffix -in
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies "brāhmaṇe".