महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-37, verse-2

किं भक्ष्यं किमभक्ष्यं च किं च देयं प्रशस्यते ।
किं च पात्रमपात्रं वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥२॥

2. kiṁ bhakṣyaṁ kimabhakṣyaṁ ca kiṁ ca deyaṁ praśasyate ,
kiṁ ca pātramapātraṁ vā tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

2. kim bhakṣyam kim abhakṣyam ca kim ca deyam praśasyate
| kim ca pātram apātram vā tat me brūhi pitāmaha

2. pitāmaha,
kim bhakṣyam ca kim abhakṣyam,
ca kim deyam praśasyate,
ca kim pātram vā apātram (asti iti),
tat me brūhi.

2. What is permissible to eat and what is not permissible to eat? What is commendable to offer (dāna)? And who is a worthy recipient and who is unworthy? Tell me all that, O Grandfather.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• भक्ष्यम् (bhakṣyam) - permissible to eat (edible, to be eaten)

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• अभक्ष्यम् (abhakṣyam) - not permissible to eat (inedible, not to be eaten)

• च (ca) - and

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• च (ca) - and

• देयम् (deyam) - commendable to offer (dāna) (to be given, to be offered)

• प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is commendable, is lauded

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• च (ca) - and

• पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

• अपात्रम् (apātram) - unworthy person, unworthy recipient

• वा (vā) - or, either

• तत् (tat) - all that (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Vyāsa) (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

भक्ष्यम् (bhakṣyam) - permissible to eat (edible, to be eaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhakṣya

bhakṣya - edible, eatable, to be eaten

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

अभक्ष्यम् (abhakṣyam) - not permissible to eat (inedible, not to be eaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhakṣya

abhakṣya - inedible, not to be eaten

Negative Gerundive

Negation prefix 'a-' applied to 'bhakṣya'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhakṣya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• bhakṣya – edible, to be eaten
  participle (neuter)
  Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with the suffix '-ya'.
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

देयम् (deyam) - commendable to offer (dāna) (to be given, to be offered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, to be granted, fit to be given, a gift

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'dā' (to give) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: dā (class 3)

प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is commendable, is lauded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पात्रम् (pātram) - worthy recipient (vessel, recipient, worthy person)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - vessel, bowl, worthy person, capable person, recipient

अपात्रम् (apātram) - unworthy person, unworthy recipient

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apātra

apātra - unworthy person, unworthy recipient, not a proper vessel

Negation prefix 'a-' applied to 'pātra'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pātra)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pātra – vessel, worthy person, capable person, recipient
  noun (neuter)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - all that (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive singular.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root 'brū' is an alternative form of 'vac' (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Vyāsa) (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, (epithet for) Brahmā

Compound 'pitṛ' (father) + 'maha' (great).