महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-30, verse-2

यदा वर्षसहस्रायुस्तदा भवति मानवः ।
कथमप्राप्तकौमारः सृञ्जयस्य सुतो मृतः ॥२॥

2. yadā varṣasahasrāyustadā bhavati mānavaḥ ,
kathamaprāptakaumāraḥ sṛñjayasya suto mṛtaḥ.

2. yadā varṣasahasrāyuḥ tadā bhavati mānavaḥ
katham aprāptakaumāraḥ sṛñjayasya sutaḥ mṛtaḥ

2. yadā mānavaḥ varṣasahasrāyuḥ bhavati tadā,
katham sṛñjayasya sutaḥ aprāptakaumāraḥ mṛtaḥ

2. When a human being's lifespan is a thousand years, then how did Sañjaya's son die without having even reached youth?

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• वर्षसहस्रायुः (varṣasahasrāyuḥ) - having a lifespan of a thousand years

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• अप्राप्तकौमारः (aprāptakaumāraḥ) - one who has not attained youth

• सृञ्जयस्य (sṛñjayasya) - of Sṛñjaya

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, died

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

वर्षसहस्रायुः (varṣasahasrāyuḥ) - having a lifespan of a thousand years

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṣasahasrāyus

varṣasahasrāyus - having a lifespan of a thousand years

Bahuvrihi compound, literally 'whose life is a thousand years'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (varṣa+sahasra+āyus)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• āyus – life, lifespan, duration of life
  noun (neuter)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root verb, class 1

Root: bhū (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human being, man, descendant of Manu

Derived from Manu

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

अप्राप्तकौमारः (aprāptakaumāraḥ) - one who has not attained youth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprāptakaumāra

aprāptakaumāra - one who has not attained youth

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose youth has not been attained'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+prāpta+kaumāra)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix
• prāpta – attained, obtained, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of pra-āp (to obtain)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kaumāra – youth, adolescence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from kumāra (boy)

सृञ्जयस्य (sṛñjayasya) - of Sṛñjaya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (a proper name, king)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, died

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)