महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-30, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
स कथं काञ्चनष्ठीवी सृञ्जयस्य सुतोऽभवत् ।
पर्वतेन किमर्थं च दत्तः केन ममार च ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
sa kathaṁ kāñcanaṣṭhīvī sṛñjayasya suto'bhavat ,
parvatena kimarthaṁ ca dattaḥ kena mamāra ca.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca sa katham kāñcanaṣṭhīvī sṛñjayasya
sutaḥ abhavat parvatena kimartham ca dattaḥ kena mamāra ca

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca.
sa kāñcanaṣṭhīvī katham sṛñjayasya sutaḥ abhavat? parvatena ca kimartham dattaḥ? ca kena mamāra?

1. Yudhishthira said: How did he, the gold-spitting one, become the son of Sṛñjaya? And for what purpose was he given by the mountain? And by whom did he die?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स (sa) - he, that

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• काञ्चनष्ठीवी (kāñcanaṣṭhīvī) - gold-spitting, one who spits gold

• सृञ्जयस्य (sṛñjayasya) - of Sṛñjaya

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• पर्वतेन (parvatena) - by the mountain

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

• च (ca) - and

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given

• केन (kena) - by whom?

• ममार (mamāra) - died

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas), steady in battle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the son

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

काञ्चनष्ठीवी (kāñcanaṣṭhīvī) - gold-spitting, one who spits gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāñcanaṣṭhīvin

kāñcanaṣṭhīvin - spitting gold, one who spits gold

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāñcana+ṣṭhīvin)

• kāñcana – golden, gold
  adjective (neuter)
• ṣṭhīvin – spitting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root ṣṭhīv (ष्ठीव्) 'to spit'
  Root: ṣṭhīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sa'

सृञ्जयस्य (sṛñjayasya) - of Sṛñjaya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (name of a king)

Note: Possessive, qualifies 'sutaḥ'

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

Note: Complement of 'abhavat'

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

पर्वतेन (parvatena) - by the mountain

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain

Note: Agent in passive construction

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Interrogative adverb

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dā (दा) 'to give'

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (implied subject)

केन (kena) - by whom?

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, agent

ममार (mamāra) - died

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of mṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: mṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction