महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-293, verse-43

home » Scriptures Library » Mahabharata

View complete chapter

अप्रबुद्धमथाव्यक्तं सगुणं प्राहुरीश्वरम् ।
निर्गुणं चेश्वरं नित्यमधिष्ठातारमेव च ॥४३॥

43. aprabuddhamathāvyaktaṁ saguṇaṁ prāhurīśvaram ,
nirguṇaṁ ceśvaraṁ nityamadhiṣṭhātārameva ca.

43. aprabuddham atha avyaktam saguṇam prāhuḥ īśvaram
nirguṇam ca īśvaram nityam adhiṣṭhātāram eva ca

43. aprabuddham atha avyaktam saguṇam īśvaram prāhuḥ
ca nityam nirguṇam īśvaram ca eva adhiṣṭhātāram

43. They declare the unawakened, unmanifest (avyakta), and qualified (saguṇa) state to be Īśvara (the Lord). And they also refer to the eternal, attribute-less (nirguṇa) Īśvara as the supreme presider.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

अप्रबुद्धम् (aprabuddham) - Referring to the unmanifest state of the Lord associated with primordial matter (prakṛti) (unawakened, unconscious, ignorant)

अथ (atha) - then, now, and, moreover

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - Referring to the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) associated with Īśvara (unmanifest, unevolved, primordial matter)

सगुणम् (saguṇam) - Referring to the manifest or potentially manifest aspect of Īśvara influenced by the guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) (with qualities, endowed with attributes)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - The wise or knowledgeable people declare or refer to (they say, they declare, they call)

ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - The Supreme Being, referred to in two aspects (saguṇa and nirguṇa) (God, the Lord, the supreme ruler)

निर्गुणम् (nirguṇam) - Referring to the transcendent, unconditioned aspect of Īśvara, free from material attributes (without qualities, attribute-less)

च (ca) - and, also

ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - The Supreme Being, referred to in two aspects (saguṇa and nirguṇa) (God, the Lord, the supreme ruler)

नित्यम् (nityam) - Emphasizing the unchanging nature of the attribute-less (nirguṇa) Īśvara (eternal, constant, perpetual)

अधिष्ठातारम् (adhiṣṭhātāram) - Referring to Īśvara as the supreme controller or overseer of creation (the presiding one, director, supervisor)

एव (eva) - Emphasizing that Īśvara is *indeed* the presider (only, indeed, just)

च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रबुद्धम् (aprabuddham) - Referring to the unmanifest state of the Lord associated with primordial matter (prakṛti) (unawakened, unconscious, ignorant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aprabuddha

aprabuddha - unawakened, unconscious, not understood

Past Passive Participle

From pra-budh (to awaken, understand) with a- (negation), forming a PPP.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prabuddha)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix
prabuddha – awakened, understood
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From pra-budh (to awaken, understand)
Prefix: pra
Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Īśvara or the unmanifest state.

अथ (atha) - then, now, and, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - Referring to the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) associated with Īśvara (unmanifest, unevolved, primordial matter)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unevolved, primordial, indiscernible

Past Passive Participle

From a-vyak-ta (not manifest). Root añj 'to manifest' (vikta, with vi prefix)

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix
vyakta – manifest, clear, evident
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From vi-añj (to make clear, manifest)
Prefix: vi
Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies Īśvara or the primordial state.

सगुणम् (saguṇam) - Referring to the manifest or potentially manifest aspect of Īśvara influenced by the guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) (with qualities, endowed with attributes)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saguṇa

saguṇa - endowed with qualities (guṇas), having attributes

From sa- (with) + guṇa (quality).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+guṇa)

sa – with, together with
indeclinable
Prefix
guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti)
noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Īśvara.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - The wise or knowledgeable people declare or refer to (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāhuḥ

Present Tense, Third Person Plural

Form of ah (to say) with pra prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

ईश्वरम् (īśvaram) - The Supreme Being, referred to in two aspects (saguṇa and nirguṇa) (God, the Lord, the supreme ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - Lord, master, ruler, God

From īś (to rule) + vara (suffix)

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of 'prāhuḥ'.

निर्गुणम् (nirguṇam) - Referring to the transcendent, unconditioned aspect of Īśvara, free from material attributes (without qualities, attribute-less)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities (guṇas), devoid of attributes

From nis- (without) + guṇa (quality).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)