महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-293, verse-26

ग्रन्थस्यार्थं च पृष्टः संस्तादृशो वक्तुमर्हति ।
यथा तत्त्वाभिगमनादर्थं तस्य स विन्दति ॥२६॥

26. granthasyārthaṁ ca pṛṣṭaḥ saṁstādṛśo vaktumarhati ,
yathā tattvābhigamanādarthaṁ tasya sa vindati.

26. granthasya artham ca pṛṣṭaḥ san tādṛśaḥ vaktum arhati
yathā tattvābhigamanāt artham tasya saḥ vindati

26. ca granthasya artham pṛṣṭaḥ san tādṛśaḥ vaktum arhati
yathā saḥ tattvābhigamanāt tasya artham vindati

26. And such a person, when questioned about the meaning of a text (grantha), is indeed capable of explaining it, for he understands its true purpose through his direct grasp of its essence.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रन्थस्य (granthasya) - of the text (of the text, of the book)

• अर्थम् (artham) - meaning (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked (asked, questioned)

• सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

• तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such a person (such a one, such a person, of that kind)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to say, to explain)

• अर्हति (arhati) - is capable (is able, deserves, ought)

• यथा (yathā) - for (as, just as, according to)

• तत्त्वाभिगमनात् (tattvābhigamanāt) - through his direct grasp of its essence (from the comprehension of the essence, from reaching the truth)

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

• तस्य (tasya) - of its (the text's) (of that)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• विन्दति (vindati) - understands (finds, obtains, knows, understands)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रन्थस्य (granthasya) - of the text (of the text, of the book)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of grantha

grantha - text, book, composition, knot

Derived from root granth (to tie, compose)

Root: granth (class 1)

Note: Dependent on 'artham'

अर्थम् (artham) - meaning (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing

From root ṛ (to go), or arth (to ask)

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'pṛṣṭaḥ' (implied)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

particle

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - asked (asked, questioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, inquired

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'pracch' (to ask)

Root: pracch (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (the knowledgeable person)

सन् (san) - being (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, true

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

तादृशः (tādṛśaḥ) - such a person (such a one, such a person, of that kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind

From 'tad' (that) + 'dṛś' (look/appear)

Note: Subject of 'arhati'

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to say, to explain)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vac

Infinitive

Infinitive of root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The infinitive form of the verb.

अर्हति (arhati) - is capable (is able, deserves, ought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice

Root: arh (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - for (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle

तत्त्वाभिगमनात् (tattvābhigamanāt) - through his direct grasp of its essence (from the comprehension of the essence, from reaching the truth)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tattvābhigamana

tattvābhigamana - comprehension of the essence/truth, reaching the truth

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+abhigamana)

• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'tat' (that) + '-tva' (state of being)
• abhigamana – approach, comprehension, understanding, reaching
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From prefix abhi + root gam (to go)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Denotes the source or cause of knowledge.

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing

From root ṛ (to go), or arth (to ask)

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'vindati'

तस्य (tasya) - of its (the text's) (of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

Note: Dependent on 'artham'

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

विन्दति (vindati) - understands (finds, obtains, knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice (from root vid, class 6)

Root: vid (class 6)