महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-293, verse-24

यो हि वेदे च शास्त्रे च ग्रन्थधारणतत्परः ।
न च ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञस्तस्य तद्धारणं वृथा ॥२४॥

24. yo hi vede ca śāstre ca granthadhāraṇatatparaḥ ,
na ca granthārthatattvajñastasya taddhāraṇaṁ vṛthā.

24. yaḥ hi vede ca śāstre ca granthadhāraṇatatparaḥ na
ca granthārthatattvajñaḥ tasya tat dhāraṇam vṛthā

24. yaḥ hi vede ca śāstre ca granthadhāraṇatatparaḥ ca
granthārthatattvajñaḥ na tasya tat dhāraṇam vṛthā

24. Indeed, he who is intent on merely memorizing texts (grantha) in both the Veda and the scriptures, but is not a knower of the essence of their meaning, for him, that memorization is in vain.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• वेदे (vede) - in the Veda (in the Veda, in knowledge)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शास्त्रे (śāstre) - in the scripture (in the scripture, in the treatise)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ग्रन्थधारणतत्परः (granthadhāraṇatatparaḥ) - intent on memorizing texts

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (granthārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the essence of the text's meaning

• तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, for him)

• तत् (tat) - that (memorization) (that, it)

• धारणम् (dhāraṇam) - memorization (holding, bearing, remembering, memorization)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, useless, fruitless)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

particle

वेदे (vede) - in the Veda (in the Veda, in knowledge)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

particle

शास्त्रे (śāstre) - in the scripture (in the scripture, in the treatise)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, rule, science

From root śās (to teach, instruct)

Root: śās (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

particle

ग्रन्थधारणतत्परः (granthadhāraṇatatparaḥ) - intent on memorizing texts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of granthadhāraṇatatpara

granthadhāraṇatatpara - intent on holding/memorizing texts

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grantha+dhāraṇa+tatpara)

• grantha – text, book
  noun (masculine)
  Root: granth (class 1)
• dhāraṇa – holding, bearing, remembering, memorizing
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tatpara – intent on, devoted to, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound 'tad' (that) + 'para' (bent on)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'yaḥ'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

particle

ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (granthārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the essence of the text's meaning

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of granthārthatattvajña

granthārthatattvajña - knower of the true nature of the meaning of the text

Complex compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grantha+artha+tattva+jña)

• grantha – text, book
  noun (masculine)
  Root: granth (class 1)
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 1)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'tat' (that) + '-tva' (state of being)
• jña – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'yaḥ'

तस्य (tasya) - for him (his, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

Note: Possessive for 'dhāraṇam'

तत् (tat) - that (memorization) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

Note: Predicate nominative for 'dhāraṇam'

धारणम् (dhāraṇam) - memorization (holding, bearing, remembering, memorization)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhāraṇa

dhāraṇa - holding, bearing, remembering, memorizing

action noun

From root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, useless, fruitless)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here, 'is useless'