महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-293, verse-40

गुणा गुणवतः सन्ति निर्गुणस्य कुतो गुणाः ।
तस्मादेवं विजानन्ति ये जना गुणदर्शिनः ॥४०॥

40. guṇā guṇavataḥ santi nirguṇasya kuto guṇāḥ ,
tasmādevaṁ vijānanti ye janā guṇadarśinaḥ.

40. guṇāḥ guṇavataḥ santi nirguṇasya kutaḥ guṇāḥ
tasmāt evam vijānanti ye janāḥ guṇadarśinaḥ

40. guṇāḥ guṇavataḥ santi nirguṇasya kutaḥ guṇāḥ
tasmāt evam vijānanti ye janāḥ guṇadarśinaḥ

40. Qualities (guṇa) belong to a qualified entity. How then can qualities exist for one who is without qualities (nirguṇa)? Therefore, those people who discern qualities (guṇa) understand this truth.

Words meanings summery:

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, constituents of nature

• गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - of one who possesses qualities, of the qualified, of an entity having attributes

• सन्ति (santi) - they are, they exist

• निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of one who is without qualities, of the attributeless

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, constituents of nature

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• विजानन्ति (vijānanti) - they know, they understand, they discern

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

• गुणदर्शिनः (guṇadarśinaḥ) - those who perceive qualities, discerners of qualities

Words meanings and morphology

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, constituents of nature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas), strand, string

गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - of one who possesses qualities, of the qualified, of an entity having attributes

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, qualified, virtuous

Possessive suffix -vat from guṇa.

सन्ति (santi) - they are, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active

Third person plural present active indicative of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of one who is without qualities, of the attributeless

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, attributeless, transcendent of the three guṇas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

(indeclinable)

Ablative of ku (what)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes, constituents of nature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas), strand, string

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Pronominal stem.

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

विजानन्ति (vijānanti) - they know, they understand, they discern

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

present active

Third person plural present active indicative, with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Pronominal stem.

Note: Relative pronoun.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

Root: jan (class 4)

गुणदर्शिनः (guṇadarśinaḥ) - those who perceive qualities, discerners of qualities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇadarśin

guṇadarśin - seeing qualities, discerning qualities

agent noun/adjective

Compound of guṇa and darśin (from root dṛś with suffix -in).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+darśin)

• guṇa – quality, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, knowing, showing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Suffix -in from root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)