महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-293, verse-25

भारं स वहते तस्य ग्रन्थस्यार्थं न वेत्ति यः ।
यस्तु ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञो नास्य ग्रन्थागमो वृथा ॥२५॥

25. bhāraṁ sa vahate tasya granthasyārthaṁ na vetti yaḥ ,
yastu granthārthatattvajño nāsya granthāgamo vṛthā.

25. bhāram saḥ vahate tasya granthasya artham na vetti yaḥ
yaḥ tu granthārthatattvajñaḥ na asya granthāgamaḥ vṛthā

25. yaḥ tasya granthasya artham na vetti saḥ bhāram vahate tu
yaḥ granthārthatattvajñaḥ asti asya granthāgamaḥ na vṛthā

25. He who does not comprehend the meaning of a text (grantha) merely carries it as a burden. But for him who is a true knower of the essence of the text's meaning, his acquisition of knowledge (granthāgama) is never in vain.

Words meanings summery:

• भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• वहते (vahate) - carries (carries, bears, conveys)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that

• ग्रन्थस्य (granthasya) - of the text (of the text, of the book)

• अर्थम् (artham) - meaning (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

• न (na) - not

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows (knows, understands)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)

• ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (granthārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the essence of the text's meaning

• न (na) - not

• अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

• ग्रन्थागमः (granthāgamaḥ) - acquisition of knowledge (granthāgama) (acquisition of texts, study of texts, arrival of texts)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, useless, fruitless)

Words meanings and morphology

भारम् (bhāram) - burden (burden, load, weight)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight, quantity

From root bhṛ (to bear, carry)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'vahate'

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

Note: Subject of 'vahate'

वहते (vahate) - carries (carries, bears, conveys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vah

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present indicative, middle voice

Root: vah (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun

Note: Adjective for 'granthasya'

ग्रन्थस्य (granthasya) - of the text (of the text, of the book)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of grantha

grantha - text, book, composition, knot

Derived from root granth (to tie, compose)

Root: granth (class 1)

Note: Dependent on 'artham'

अर्थम् (artham) - meaning (meaning, purpose, object, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing

From root ṛ (to go), or arth (to ask)

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'vetti'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice (from root vid, class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

यः (yaḥ) - he who (he who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of the second half of the verse

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

particle

ग्रन्थार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (granthārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the essence of the text's meaning

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of granthārthatattvajña

granthārthatattvajña - knower of the true nature of the meaning of the text

Complex compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grantha+artha+tattva+jña)

• grantha – text, book
  noun (masculine)
  Root: granth (class 1)
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 1)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'tat' (that) + '-tva' (state of being)
• jña – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'yaḥ'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle

अस्य (asya) - his (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Possessive for 'granthāgamaḥ'

ग्रन्थागमः (granthāgamaḥ) - acquisition of knowledge (granthāgama) (acquisition of texts, study of texts, arrival of texts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of granthāgama

granthāgama - acquisition of texts, coming of texts, study of texts

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grantha+āgama)

• grantha – text, book
  noun (masculine)
  Root: granth (class 1)
• āgama – coming, arrival, acquisition, traditional doctrine, scripture
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From prefix ā + root gam (to go)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, useless, fruitless)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here, 'is useless'