महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-211, verse-46

विनाशिनो ह्यध्रुवजीवितस्य किं बन्धुभिर्मित्रपरिग्रहैश्च ।
विहाय यो गच्छति सर्वमेव क्षणेन गत्वा न निवर्तते च ॥४६॥

46. vināśino hyadhruvajīvitasya; kiṁ bandhubhirmitraparigrahaiśca ,
vihāya yo gacchati sarvameva; kṣaṇena gatvā na nivartate ca.

46. vināśinaḥ hi adhruvājīvitasya
kim bandhubhiḥ mitraparigrahaiḥ
ca vihāya yaḥ gacchati sarvam
eva kṣaṇena gatvā na nivartate ca

46. hi vināśinaḥ adhruvājīvitasya
bandhubhiḥ ca mitraparigrahaiḥ
kim yaḥ sarvam eva vihāya gacchati
kṣaṇena gatvā ca na nivartate

46. Indeed, what is the use of relatives and circles of friends for one whose life is perishable and impermanent? For whoever departs, having abandoned everything, having gone in an instant, never returns.

Words meanings summery:

• विनाशिनः (vināśinaḥ) - of one who is perishable (of one who is perishable, mortal, destructive)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for)

• अध्रुवाजीवितस्य (adhruvājīvitasya) - of one whose life is impermanent

• किम् (kim) - of what use? (what? of what use?)

• बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - of relatives (by relatives, with relatives)

• मित्रपरिग्रहैः (mitraparigrahaiḥ) - by circles of friends (by gatherings of friends, by associations of friends, by possessions/retinues of friends)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left behind)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• गच्छति (gacchati) - departs (goes, moves)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, very)

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in an instant (in a moment, instantly)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

• न (na) - never (not, no)

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns (returns, turns back)

• च (ca) - nor (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

विनाशिनः (vināśinaḥ) - of one who is perishable (of one who is perishable, mortal, destructive)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vināśin

vināśin - perishable, destructive, mortal, transient

agent noun/adjective

Derived from root naś (to perish) with upasarga vi, and suffix -in

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Modifies the implied 'person'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

अध्रुवाजीवितस्य (adhruvājīvitasya) - of one whose life is impermanent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhruvājīvita

adhruvājīvita - whose life is impermanent/transient

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dhruva+jīvita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dhruva – fixed, permanent, constant, certain
  adjective
• jīvita – life, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Derived from root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'person'.

किम् (kim) - of what use? (what? of what use?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, of what use?

Note: Used here as an interrogative indicating futility.

बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - of relatives (by relatives, with relatives)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend

Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: In 'kim...?' construction, instrumental implies 'what good with/through X?'.

मित्रपरिग्रहैः (mitraparigrahaiḥ) - by circles of friends (by gatherings of friends, by associations of friends, by possessions/retinues of friends)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mitraparigraha

mitraparigraha - taking/receiving friends, collection of friends, retinue of friends

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mitra+parigraha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)
• parigraha – grasping, seizing, possessing, retaining, property, family, retinue
  noun (masculine)
  From root grah with upasarga pari.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Parallel to 'bandhubhiḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bandhubhiḥ' and 'mitraparigrahaiḥ'.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left behind)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (prefix)

Absolutive from root hā (to abandon) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the action of 'gacchati'.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the subject of 'gacchati'.

गच्छति (gacchati) - departs (goes, moves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb in the second clause.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Object of 'vihāya'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'sarvam'.

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in an instant (in a moment, instantly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, twinkle of an eye

Note: Indicates the swiftness of departure.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gacchati' and 'na nivartate'.

न (na) - never (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'nivartate'.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns (returns, turns back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the finality of departure.

च (ca) - nor (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions (going and not returning).