महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-211, verse-45

अर्थांस्तथात्यन्तसुखावहांश्च लिप्सन्त एते बहवो विशुल्काः ।
महत्तरं दुःखमभिप्रपन्ना हित्वामिषं मृत्युवशं प्रयान्ति ॥४५॥

45. arthāṁstathātyantasukhāvahāṁśca; lipsanta ete bahavo viśulkāḥ ,
mahattaraṁ duḥkhamabhiprapannā; hitvāmiṣaṁ mṛtyuvaśaṁ prayānti.

45. arthān tathā atyantasukhāvahān ca
lipsantaḥ ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ
mahattaram duḥkham abhiprapannāḥ
hitvā āmiṣam mṛtyuvaśam prayānti

45. ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ arthān tathā
atyantasukhāvahān ca lipsantaḥ
mahattaram duḥkham abhiprapannāḥ
āmiṣam hitvā mṛtyuvaśam prayānti

45. Many of these, though initially carefree, desire objects that bring extreme happiness. They subsequently attain greater suffering, and giving up their very lives (their flesh), they fall under the sway of death.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्थान् (arthān) - objects (of desire) (objects, purposes, wealth, desirable things)

• तथा (tathā) - and (similarly, and, thus)

• अत्यन्तसुखावहान् (atyantasukhāvahān) - bringing extreme happiness

• च (ca) - and

• लिप्सन्तः (lipsantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing to obtain)

• एते (ete) - these (people) (these)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (people) (many)

• विशुल्काः (viśulkāḥ) - carefree, unburdened (by immediate consequences) (free from tax/toll, free from pain/trouble, carefree, unburdened)

• महत्तरम् (mahattaram) - greater (greater, very great)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery)

• अभिप्रपन्नाः (abhiprapannāḥ) - having attained (having attained, having reached, having resorted to)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having given up (their lives/flesh) (having abandoned, having given up, having forsaken)

• आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - their very lives (flesh/body) (flesh, bait, prey, object of enjoyment, lure)

• मृत्युवशम् (mṛtyuvaśam) - under the sway of death (to the power of death, under the control of death)

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they fall (under the sway of death) (they go, they attain, they enter)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्थान् (arthān) - objects (of desire) (objects, purposes, wealth, desirable things)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, object, wealth, meaning, thing, desirable thing

Note: Object of 'lipsantaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - and (similarly, and, thus)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'arthān' with the compound adjective 'atyantasukhāvahān'.

अत्यन्तसुखावहान् (atyantasukhāvahān) - bringing extreme happiness

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of atyantasukhāvaha

atyantasukhāvaha - bringing excessive joy or happiness

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+sukha+āvaha)

• atyanta – excessive, extreme, very great
  adjective
  Prefix: ati
• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective
  agent noun/adjective from root vah with ā
  Derived from root vah with upasarga ā, forming an agent noun/adjective.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'arthān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two qualifiers of the objects.

लिप्सन्तः (lipsantaḥ) - desiring (desiring, wishing to obtain)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lipsat

lipsat - desiring, wishing to obtain

present active participle (desiderative)

Desiderative stem of labh (to obtain), present active participle.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ'.

एते (ete) - these (people) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the people who desire.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (people) (many)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Modifies the implied 'people' or refers to 'these (people)'.

विशुल्काः (viśulkāḥ) - carefree, unburdened (by immediate consequences) (free from tax/toll, free from pain/trouble, carefree, unburdened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśulka

viśulka - free from toll/tax, free from pain/trouble, unencumbered, carefree

Compound of vi (without) + śulka (tax, fee, pain)

Compound type : avyayībhāva / nañ-tatpuruṣa (vi+śulka)

• vi – without, absence of, away
  indeclinable
• śulka – tax, toll, fee, bride-price, pain, trouble
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'ete bahavaḥ'.

महत्तरम् (mahattaram) - greater (greater, very great)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahattara

mahattara - greater, larger, more important

Comparative form of mahat (great)

Note: Modifies 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of 'abhiprapannāḥ'.

अभिप्रपन्नाः (abhiprapannāḥ) - having attained (having attained, having reached, having resorted to)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhiprapanna

abhiprapanna - having approached, attained, resorted to, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go) with upasargas abhi + pra.

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'ete bahavaḥ viśulkāḥ'.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having given up (their lives/flesh) (having abandoned, having given up, having forsaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from root hā (to abandon, to leave).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the action of 'prayānti'.

आमिषम् (āmiṣam) - their very lives (flesh/body) (flesh, bait, prey, object of enjoyment, lure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āmiṣa

āmiṣa - flesh, meat, prey, bait, object of enjoyment, worldly pleasure

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

मृत्युवशम् (mṛtyuvaśam) - under the sway of death (to the power of death, under the control of death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyuvaśa

mṛtyuvaśa - sway of death, power of death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+vaśa)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates destination or state for 'prayānti'.

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they fall (under the sway of death) (they go, they attain, they enter)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.