महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-211, verse-21

यदर्थं कर्मसंसर्गः कर्मणां च फलोदयः ।
तदनाश्वासिकं मोघं विनाशि चलमध्रुवम् ॥२१॥

21. yadarthaṁ karmasaṁsargaḥ karmaṇāṁ ca phalodayaḥ ,
tadanāśvāsikaṁ moghaṁ vināśi calamadhruvam.

21. yat artham karmasaṃsargaḥ karmaṇām ca phalodayaḥ
tat anāśvāsikam mogham vināśi calam adhruvam

21. yat artham karmasaṃsargaḥ ca karmaṇām phalodayaḥ
tat anāśvāsikam mogham vināśi calam adhruvam

21. That for which there is involvement in actions (karma) and the arising of their results, is unreliable, futile, perishable, unstable, and impermanent.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of

• कर्मसंसर्गः (karmasaṁsargaḥ) - involvement or connection with actions (karma)

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma)

• च (ca) - and, also

• फलोदयः (phalodayaḥ) - the rising or appearance of results/fruits

• तत् (tat) - that

• अनाश्वासिकम् (anāśvāsikam) - unreliable, untrustworthy

• मोघम् (mogham) - futile, vain, useless

• विनाशि (vināśi) - perishable, transient

• चलम् (calam) - unstable, moving, flickering

• अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - impermanent, not fixed, uncertain

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used here in conjunction with 'artham' to mean 'for which'.

अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose of, for the sake of

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth

कर्मसंसर्गः (karmasaṁsargaḥ) - involvement or connection with actions (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karmasaṃsarga

karmasaṁsarga - contact with actions, connection with karma, entanglement in actions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karman+saṃsarga)

• karman – action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṃsarga – contact, connection, intercourse, involvement
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

फलोदयः (phalodayaḥ) - the rising or appearance of results/fruits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalodaya

phalodaya - appearance of fruit, result, consequence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+udaya)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• udaya – rising, appearance, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनाश्वासिकम् (anāśvāsikam) - unreliable, untrustworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāśvāsika

anāśvāsika - unreliable, untrustworthy, not inspiring confidence

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+āśvāsika)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• āśvāsika – inspiring confidence, trustworthy
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śvas (class 2)

मोघम् (mogham) - futile, vain, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - vain, useless, futile, fruitless

Root: muh (class 4)

विनाशि (vināśi) - perishable, transient

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vināśin

vināśin - perishable, destructive, liable to decay

Agent noun/adjective

Derived from root naś (to perish) with prefix vi- and -in suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

चलम् (calam) - unstable, moving, flickering

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cala

cala - moving, trembling, unstable, unsteady

Root: cal (class 1)

अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - impermanent, not fixed, uncertain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhruva

adhruva - not firm, uncertain, impermanent

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dhruva)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• dhruva – firm, fixed, constant, permanent
  adjective (neuter)