महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-211, verse-11

तं समासीनमागम्य मण्डलं कापिलं महत् ।
पुरुषावस्थमव्यक्तं परमार्थं निबोधयत् ॥११॥

11. taṁ samāsīnamāgamya maṇḍalaṁ kāpilaṁ mahat ,
puruṣāvasthamavyaktaṁ paramārthaṁ nibodhayat.

11. tam samāsīnam āgamya maṇḍalam kāpilam mahat
puruṣāvastham avyaktam paramārtham nibodhayat

11. (saḥ) tam samāsīnam āgamya mahat kāpilam maṇḍalam
puruṣāvastham avyaktam paramārtham nibodhayat

11. Having approached him (Kapila) who was seated, he (Kapila) instructed the great Kapila assembly (maṇḍala) concerning the supreme reality (paramārtha), which is the unmanifest state of the cosmic person (puruṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Kapila) (him, that)

• समासीनम् (samāsīnam) - who was seated (seated, having sat down, established)

• आगम्य (āgamya) - having approached (having approached, having come to)

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - assembly (maṇḍala) (circle, assembly, group, sphere)

• कापिलम् (kāpilam) - Kapila (assembly) (pertaining to Kapila, Kapila's)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, mighty)

• पुरुषावस्थम् (puruṣāvastham) - pertaining to the unmanifest state of the cosmic person (puruṣa) (pertaining to the state of Puruṣa, having Puruṣa as its state)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - unmanifest (unmanifest, unexpressed, imperceptible)

• परमार्थम् (paramārtham) - supreme reality (paramārtha) (supreme truth, ultimate reality, highest aim)

• निबोधयत् (nibodhayat) - he instructed (he taught, he caused to know, he informed)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Kapila) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the absolutive 'āgamya'.

समासीनम् (samāsīnam) - who was seated (seated, having sat down, established)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāsīna

samāsīna - seated, sitting, established

Past Active Participle (kānac)

From 'sam' + 'ā' + root '√ās' (to sit). Often functions like a past passive participle in meaning.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √ās (class 2)

Note: Denotes the state of the object 'tam'.

आगम्य (āgamya) - having approached (having approached, having come to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix 'ā' + root '√gam' (to go) + suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Shares the subject with 'nibodhayat' (implied 'he', i.e., Kapila).

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - assembly (maṇḍala) (circle, assembly, group, sphere)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, orb, assembly, group, district, sphere

Note: Object of 'nibodhayat'.

कापिलम् (kāpilam) - Kapila (assembly) (pertaining to Kapila, Kapila's)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāpila

kāpila - relating to Kapila, Kapila's, follower of Kapila

Derived from 'kapila' (Kapila, the sage).

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, important

Note: Agrees with 'maṇḍalam'.

पुरुषावस्थम् (puruṣāvastham) - pertaining to the unmanifest state of the cosmic person (puruṣa) (pertaining to the state of Puruṣa, having Puruṣa as its state)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puruṣāvastha

puruṣāvastha - pertaining to the state of Puruṣa, having Puruṣa as its state or condition

Compound of 'puruṣa' (cosmic person) and 'avasthā' (state, condition).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+avasthā)

• puruṣa – man, human being, cosmic person, spirit, self
  noun (masculine)
• avasthā – state, condition, situation, stage
  noun (feminine)
  From 'ava' + root '√sthā' (to stand).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'paramārtham'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - unmanifest (unmanifest, unexpressed, imperceptible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, undeveloped, imperceptible, indistinct, primordial matter (prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a' + 'vi' + root '√añj' (to anoint, reveal, make clear).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nañ) (a+vyakta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vyakta – manifest, distinct, clear, expressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'vi' + root '√añj' (to anoint, reveal).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √añj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'paramārtham'.

परमार्थम् (paramārtham) - supreme reality (paramārtha) (supreme truth, ultimate reality, highest aim)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramārtha

paramārtha - supreme truth, ultimate reality, highest aim, spiritual truth

Compound of 'parama' (supreme) and 'artha' (meaning, purpose, reality).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+artha)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, best
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – meaning, purpose, aim, reality, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √arth (class 10)

Note: Second object of 'nibodhayat' (verb of teaching takes two accusatives).

निबोधयत् (nibodhayat) - he instructed (he taught, he caused to know, he informed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nibodhayat

Causative Imperfect 3rd Singular Active

From prefix 'ni' + root '√budh' (to know, understand). Causative stem 'bodhaya'. Imperfect indicates past action.

Prefix: ni

Root: √budh (class 1)

Note: Causative verb.