महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-12, verse-8

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परमापद्गतेनापि न स्म तात त्वया रणे ।
इदमस्त्रं प्रयोक्तव्यं मानुषेषु विशेषतः ॥८॥

8. paramāpadgatenāpi na sma tāta tvayā raṇe ,
idamastraṁ prayoktavyaṁ mānuṣeṣu viśeṣataḥ.

8. parama-āpad-gatena api na sma tāta tvayā raṇe
idam astram prayoktavyam mānuṣeṣu viśeṣataḥ

8. tāta parama-āpad-gatena api tvayā raṇe idam
astram mānuṣeṣu viśeṣataḥ na sma prayoktavyam

8. My dear son, even when you are in extreme peril in battle, this weapon should certainly not be employed by you, especially against human beings.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

परम-आपद्-गतेन (parama-āpad-gatena) - by one who has fallen into extreme calamity

अपि (api) - Emphasizes the condition. (even, also, too)

न (na) - not

स्म (sma) - Emphasizes the prohibition, making it a strong negative command. (indeed, certainly (particle))

तात (tāta) - Used affectionately by a teacher/father addressing a son/disciple. (dear one, father, son)

त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to Aśvatthāman. (by you)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the specified weapon (astram). (this)

अस्त्रम् (astram) - Refers to a powerful, perhaps divine, weapon that Droṇa is instructing Aśvatthāman not to use. (weapon, missile (divine or magical))

प्रयोक्तव्यम् (prayoktavyam) - It should not be used. (to be used, to be employed)

मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - Specifies the forbidden targets for the weapon. (among humans, against humans)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

Words meanings and morphology

परम-आपद्-गतेन (parama-āpad-gatena) - by one who has fallen into extreme calamity

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parama-āpad-gata

parama-āpad-gata - fallen into supreme distress/calamity

Compound of parama (supreme), āpad (calamity), and gata (gone, fallen).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+āpad+gata)

parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
adjective
āpad – calamity, misfortune, distress
noun (feminine)
gata – gone, attained, fallen into
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √gam (to go).
Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tvayā.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes the condition. (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - Emphasizes the prohibition, making it a strong negative command. (indeed, certainly (particle))

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - Used affectionately by a teacher/father addressing a son/disciple. (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment)

त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to Aśvatthāman. (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, conflict, war, fight

From √raṇ (to sound, rejoice, fight).

Root: √raṇ (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the specified weapon (astram). (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjectival to astram.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - Refers to a powerful, perhaps divine, weapon that Droṇa is instructing Aśvatthāman not to use. (weapon, missile (divine or magical))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile (especially one discharged by spells), arrow

From √as (to throw).

Root: √as (class 4)

Note: Subject of the passive verb.

प्रयोक्तव्यम् (prayoktavyam) - It should not be used. (to be used, to be employed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prayoktavya

prayoktavya - to be employed, to be used, to be applied

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from pra-√yuj (to employ, use) with suffix -tavya.