महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-12, verse-5

तन्महात्मा महाभागः केतुः सर्वधनुष्मताम् ।
प्रत्यपादयदाचार्यः प्रीयमाणो धनंजयम् ॥५॥

5. tanmahātmā mahābhāgaḥ ketuḥ sarvadhanuṣmatām ,
pratyapādayadācāryaḥ prīyamāṇo dhanaṁjayam.

5. tat mahātmā mahābhāgaḥ ketuḥ sarvadhanuṣmatām
pratyapādayat ācāryaḥ prīyamāṇaḥ dhanañjayam

5. mahātmā mahābhāgaḥ ācāryaḥ sarvadhanuṣmatām ketuḥ prīyamāṇaḥ tat dhanañjayam pratyapādayat.

5. That great-souled, illustrious teacher, who was the foremost among all archers, being pleased, imparted that (weapon) to Dhananjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the Brahmasiras weapon. (that, it)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - Referring to Drona. (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - Referring to Drona. (greatly fortunate, illustrious, noble)

• केतुः (ketuḥ) - Here, 'foremost' or 'chief' among archers. (banner, flag, chief, leader, sign)

• सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - Refers to Drona's supremacy among all who wield bows. (of all archers, among all bowmen)

• प्रत्यपादयत् (pratyapādayat) - Drona imparted the weapon to Arjuna. (he imparted, he gave, he caused to be given)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the preceptor. (teacher, preceptor)

• प्रीयमाणः (prīyamāṇaḥ) - Drona, being pleased with Arjuna. (being pleased, delighting, glad)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers, famous for his archery. (Dhananjaya, conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Refers to the Brahmasiras weapon. (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'pratyapādayat'.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - Referring to Drona. (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, eminent
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Drona, the subject.

महाभागः (mahābhāgaḥ) - Referring to Drona. (greatly fortunate, illustrious, noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, highly honored, illustrious, noble

Compound type : karmadhāraya/bahuvrihi (mahat+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, vast, eminent
  adjective
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, luck
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhaj' (to divide, obtain).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ācāryaḥ'.

केतुः (ketuḥ) - Here, 'foremost' or 'chief' among archers. (banner, flag, chief, leader, sign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, sign, mark, chief, leader

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'ācāryaḥ'.

सर्वधनुष्मताम् (sarvadhanuṣmatām) - Refers to Drona's supremacy among all who wield bows. (of all archers, among all bowmen)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadhanuṣmat

sarvadhanuṣmat - possessing all bows, chief of all archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya/tatpuruṣa (sarva+dhanuṣmat)

• sarva – all, every, whole, entire
  pronoun (masculine)
• dhanuṣmat – archer, bowman, possessing a bow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'dhanuṣ' (bow) with the suffix '-mat' (possessing).

Note: Possessive plural, describing whose chief Drona is.

प्रत्यपादयत् (pratyapādayat) - Drona imparted the weapon to Arjuna. (he imparted, he gave, he caused to be given)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyapādayat

Causative Imperfect (Laṅ)

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice, causative from root 'pad' with upasargas 'prati' and 'apa'.

Prefixes: prati+apa

Root: pad (class 4)

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the preceptor. (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The subject of the sentence, Drona.

प्रीयमाणः (prīyamāṇaḥ) - Drona, being pleased with Arjuna. (being pleased, delighting, glad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīyamāṇa

prīyamāṇa - being pleased, delighting, feeling affection

Present Middle Participle

Present participle, middle voice, from root 'prī' (to please, gladden).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Indicates the state of the teacher while imparting the weapon.

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers, famous for his archery. (Dhananjaya, conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna, fire

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the weapon.